高一英语语法点期末复习

否定词放在句首1.否定词或含有否定意义的短语位于句首时引起句子的部分倒装，即把be动词/情态动词/助动词提到主语的前面。never,rarely,seldom,little,few,neither,nor,bynomeans/innoway绝不,innocase在任何情况下都不,决不,notuntil...NeverhaveIheardanythinglikethat.我从未听说过这样的事情。Hardlydidwegotothecinemawhenwewereatmiddleschool.我们上中学时几乎不去看电影。Littledoeshecareaboutwhatothersthink.他很少关心别人在想什么。Seldom/Rarelyhavetheyplayedvideogameseversincetheyenteredcollege.他们自从上了大学就很少玩儿电脑游戏。Innocaseshouldyougiveup.在任何情况下你都不应该放弃。Notuntilthefilmhadbegundidshearrive.直到电影开始她才到。（***注意Notuntil位于句首，主导从不倒）only+状语2.“only+状语”位于句首时，引起句子的部分倒装eg.OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofhealth.只有到那时我才意识到健康的重要性。练习：Onlyinthisway__________solvetheproblem.只有用这种方法我们才能解决这个问题。仿句：只有用这种方法你的英语才能取得进步。___________________________________________错题重现：1.onlythroughface-recognitiontechnologyorbyusingacodecan______(user)acceptthedelivery.2.onlybyputtingtheminsomekindofprotectiveareacanthey__________(save).canweOnlyinthiswaycanyoumakeprogressinyourEnglishusersbesavednotonly...butalso...3.notonly...butalso...考点一：连接两个主语时，谓语动词采取就近原则Notonlyyoubutalsohe______(be)fondofwatchingfootballmatches.---Notonlyhebutalsoyou_____(be)fondof...考点二：notonly位于句首时，其后的句子要部分倒装，但是要注意butalso后的句子仍用陈述语序。eg.NotonlydoesLilylikelisteningtomusic,butalsoshelikessports.Lily不但喜欢听音乐，而且喜欢体育运动。经典作文句子背诵：Notonlycanreadingenrichourknowledge,butalsoitcanbroadenourhorizons.阅读不仅可以丰富我们的知识，还能开阔我们的视野。isare就近、就远原则4.【就近原则】代表词汇：therebe+句型;or;either…or；nor;neither…nor；whether…or；not…but;notonly…butalso;...e.g.①Whathedoesorwhathesaysdoesnotconcernme.他的行为或言谈都与我无关.②NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都没错.③Notyoubutyourfatheristoblame.不是你,而是你的父亲该受责备.④Notonlyyoubut(also)heiswrong.不仅你错了,他也错了.【就远原则】代表词汇aswellas；（together/along）with；ratherthan而不是；except；besides；but除了；......E.G：Nobodybuttwostudentsisintheclassroom.除了这两个学生,没有人在教室Everybodyexceptyouisdownonme.除了你,大家都看不起我.Awomanwithtwochildrenhascome.一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了.John,ratherthanhisroommates,istoblame.约翰,而不是他的室友,应该受到责备.Jim,togetherwithhisclassmates,hasseenthefilm.吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影.Theson,aswellashisparents,wantstogothere.不但儿子想去那儿,而且他的父母也想去.Theteacher,aswellasthestudents,isinterestedintheactivity.老师也和同学们一样对这项活动有兴趣状语从句的省略5.①在if/while/when/unless/asif/although等引导的状语从句中,如果主从句的主语一致并且从句的谓语动词含有be动词时,可以省略从句的主语和be动词***出题模式：when/while/if/unless等连词后没有主语，直接让以动词的适当形式填空***做题方法：判断给出动词和主句主语之间是什么关系，主动用doing,被动用doneeg.When(Iwas)seeingitforthefirsttime,Imadeupmymindtowritesomethingeveryday.When(Iwas)introuble,Ioftentoldmyselfnottoloseheartinthediary.练习:Unless_________(invite),hehasdecidednottotakepartinthatactivity.While_________(cross)theroad,youcan'tbetoocareful.When_________(ask),heowedhissuccesstohiswife.②如果从句中主语是it,谓语动词中含有be动词，可以省略itis/was常见结构如if/whenpossible/necessary等invitedcrossingaskedwith的复合结构6.with的复合结构：with+宾语+宾补(宾补可以是n./adj./adv/介词短语/doing/done/todo,其中doing表示主动,done表示被动,todo表示将来)****考查方式：①填with/without②填doing/done/todo练习：Ican'tdomyhomeworkwiththenoise________(go)on.Withhishair______(cut),helooksmuchyounger.Withalotofhomework_______(do),shecouldn'tgoout.****区分：as和with都有“随着”之意，as是连词，后跟句子，谓语动词该用什么时态用什么时态，with是介词，后跟复合结构______timewentby/on,histheoryprovedtobetrue.______timegoingby/on,....Asspring______(draw)near/Withspring________(draw)near,it'sbecomingwarmerandwarmer.goingcuttodoAsWithdrawsdrawingwhat引导名词性从句7.what引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句)，并且在所引导的名词性从句中充当名词成分(主语、宾语、表语)，通常翻译为“...的东西/事情/人...”**做题方法：翻译为主，翻译解决不了的话再分析句子结构**that也可引导名词性从句，注意that与what的用法区别that在从句中不作任何成分,只起连接作用,也没有实际意义what在从句中充当句子成分(主/宾/表),意为“...的事情/东西/人”**注意that引导名词性从句和定语从句的区别：定从前一定有名词或代词做先行词Thathepassedtheexammadeusamazed.（that引导主从）Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.（that引导宾从）OneproblemisthatIdon'tlookedanydifferentfromotherpeople.（that引导表从）1.Thefollowingwaswhathehadseen.2.Whatamazeduswasthathepassedthemathstest.3.Heisnotwhatheusedtobe.4.ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.5.Theyhavedonewhattheycan(do)tohelpher.6.Heshookhishead,for(因为)hedidn'tagreewithwhathisfriendshadsaid.***重点区分：Thenewsthattheytoldmeexcitedme.(that引导定从)Thenewsthatourteamwonexcitedme.(that引导同位语从句)表从缺宾主从缺主表从缺表表从缺宾宾从缺宾宾从缺宾since8.考点一：since自从...,①主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时②句型：itis/hasbeen+时间段+sincesb.didsth.Hissisterlefthomein1998,and_____________(hear)ofsince.Greatchanges____________(take)placeinmyhometownsince2000.It__________(be)fouryearssinceIcamehere.考点二：sinceconj.既然,因为Sinceyouareunabletoanswer,perhapsIshouldasksomeoneelse.??Sinceeveryoneishere,let'sbeginourmeeting.??hasn'tbeenheardhavetakenis/hasbeen既然你回答不了，也许我该问别人。既然人到齐了，咱们开会吧。某人第一次做某事9.It/This/Thatisthefirst/second/third...time(that)sb.have/hasdonesth.It/This/Thatwasthefirst/second/third...time(that)sb.haddonesth.这是某人第...次做某事*****考点：注意前后时态的搭配Itisthefirsttimethathe_________(be)there.Itwasthefirsttimethathe_________(be)there.hasbeenhadbeen曾有一段时间...10.Therewasatimewhen...*****考点：whenTherewasatime_______hewascrazyaboutwatchingfootballmatch.whenwhile11.whileconj.①当...时(区分：while从句的谓语动词应是连续性动词，when从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词也可以是短暂性动词***做题技巧：填when就对啦)②虽然,尽管=although③而，然而(表示一种轻微的对比或转折)Somepeoplewastefoodwhileothershaven'tenough.有些人浪费粮食,然而有些人却吃不饱。Whilewewereswimmingintheriver,wesawafishjumpoutofthewater.当我们正在河中游泳时,看见一条鱼跃出了水面.WhileIseewhatyousay,Ican't