Nathaniel-Hawthorne

NathanielHawthorne(霍桑)(1804—1864)NathanielHawthorne(1804—1864)NathanielHawthorneHawthorne’sMajorWorksHawthorne’sPointofViewHawthorne’sAestheticIdeasHawthorne’sWritingStyleTheReadingofTheScarletLetterHawthorne’sMajorWorks1)Twocollectionsofshortstories:Twice-toldTales《故事新编》MossesfromanOldManse«古宅青苔»2)TheScarletLetter«红字»masterpiece,whichestablishedhimastheleadingAmericannativenovelistofthe19thcenturyHawthorne’sMajorWorks3)TheHouseoftheSevenGables《七个尖角阁的房子》4)TheBlithedaleRomance《福谷传奇》5)TheMarbleFaun《大理石雕像》Shortstories:YoungGoodmanBrown《小伙子古德曼·布朗》TheMinister’sBlackVeil《教长的黑面纱》TheBirthmark《胎记》Hawthorne’spointofviewHawthorneisinfluencedbyPuritanismdeeply.HewasnotaPuritanhimself,buthehadPuritanancestorswhoplayedanimportantroleinhislifeandworks.Melville:“霍桑描写黑暗的巨大力量，是由于受到加尔文派交易关于与生俱来的堕落与原罪思想的影响。没有一位思想深邃的人能完全摆脱这种思想所发生的各种形式的影响。”Hawthorne评价Melville:“他既不肯信教，又对自己的不信感到惶恐不安。”对霍桑同样适用。Hawthorne’spointofview(1)Evilisatthecoreofhumanlife.Hawthornesenseofsinandevilinlife,“black”visionoflifeandhumanEvilexistsinthehumanheart,humanheartisthesourceofevil.Everyonepossessessomeevilsecret.Evilisman’sbirthmark.amostdisturbedandtormentedone,discusessinandevilinalmosteverybookrejectstheTranscendentalistoptimismlooksmoredeeplyandmorehonestlyintolife,findingmuchsuffering&conflictinitHawthorne’spointofview(2)Wheneverthereissin,thereispunishment.Sinorevilcanbepassedfromgenerationtogeneration.TheHouseoftheSevenGablesColonelPyncheontakesthelandofMatthewMauleandbuildsahouseontheland---ishauntedbyghost---hisoffspringwitheranddieout“Godwillgivehimbloodtodrink”霍桑在探讨罪恶时，不是宣扬加尔文教义，而是抨击了它对人性的摧残，是要使人正视罪的存在，并把人从泯灭人性的罪恶感中解脱出来。Hawthorne’spointofview(3)Evileducates.•Achievementis“undertheimpactofandbyengagementwithevil”•经历过犯罪，受到其影响，人们才能有所成就•Manisbetterforthecrimewhichbringsaboutthefall.•人在犯罪后才能更好的完善自己Hawthorne’spointofview(4)Hehasdisgustinscience.Onesourceofevilisoverweening(tooproudofoneself)intellect.•Hisintellectualcharactersarevillains,dreadfulandcold-blooded.Hawthorne’spointofview(1)Evilisatthecoreofhumanlife.(2)Wheneverthereissin,thereispunishment.Sinorevilcanbepassedfromgenerationtogeneration.(3)Evileducates.(4)Hehasdisgustinscience.Onesourceofevilisoverweening(tooproudofoneself)intellect.pointofviewaestheticideas(1)Hetookagreatinterestinhistoryandantiquity.Tohimthesefurnishthesoilonwhichhismindgrowstofruition(fulfill).Trying“toconnectabygonetimewiththeveryPresent”,hemakesthedreamstrangethingslookliketruth.pointofviewaestheticideas(2)HewasconvincedthatromancewasthebestformtodescribeAmerica.thepovertyofmaterialsromancesratherthannovelsallowhimtoavoidoffendingthePuritantasteTotellthetruthandsatirizeandyetnottooffend:ThatwaswhatHawthornetriestoachieve.WritingTechnique–-typicalromanticwriteramanofliterarycraftsmanship，extraordinaryintheuseofsymbolrevelationofcharacters’psychologytheuseofsupernaturalmixedwiththeactualThesymbolservesasaweapontoattackreality.ItcanbefoundeverywhereinhiswritingHeisgoodatexploringthecomplexityofhumanpsychology.Thereisn’tmuchphysicalmovementgoingoninhisworksstyle–typicalromanticwriterhisstoriesareparable(allegory)–toteachalessonuseofambiguitytokeepthereaderintheworldofuncertainty–multiplepointofview1.InwhatcenturyisthestoryofHesterPrynneset?(A)The16thcentury(B)The17thcentury(C)The18thcentury(D)The19thcenturyB2.WhatissituatedimmediatelyoutsidethedooroftheprisoninwhichHesteriskept?(A)Arosebush(B)Apinetree(C)Agallows(D)AgraveyardATheScarletLetterTheScarletLetter3.HowdoesHestersupportherselffinancially?(A)Asaprostitute(B)Asaseamstress(C)Asanurse(D)AsafarmhandB4.NexttowhomisHesterburied?(A)Dimmesdale(B)Chillingworth(C)Pearl(D)Noone;herbodyisburnedATheScarletLetter5.WhydoesPearlnotrecognizehermotherwhensheseesherwithDimmesdaleintheforest?(A)Hesterhasremovedthescarletletter.(B)Hesterhasremovedhercaptoexposeherlonghair.(C)Hesterisnotwearingherusualplaingraydress.(D)MistressHibbinshascastaspellonHester,changingherappearance.ATheScarletLetter6.HowdoesPearlacknowledgeDimmesdaleasherfatherathisdeath?(A)Bycallinghim“father”(B)Byinterruptinghissermon(C)Bykissinghim(D)ByannouncingthatshehasseenhimwithhermotherCTheScarletLetter7.WhatcolorofclothingdoesHesteralwayswear?(A)Scarlet(B)White(C)Black(D)GrayC8.WhatdoesChillingworthpretendtobe?(A)Aminister(B)Adoctor(C)Amadman(D)AscholarBTheScarletLetter9.WhatdoesHester’sletter“A”eventuallycometorepresenttothetownspeople?(A)“Able”(B)“Alone”(C)“Avaricious”(D)“AbsolutelyAdmirable”AMajorcharactersinTheScarletLetterHesterPrynneArthurDimmesdaleRogerChillingworthdaughterloverhusbandheroinePearlStudyQuestionsWhatdoyouthinkofHester?Whydoessherepeatedlyrefusetostopwearingtheletter?WhatmakesDimmesdale’smentalanguish?WhatdoesChillingworthrepresent?