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some和any的主要区别为:some和any都表示“一些”,但是“some”用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句。例如:Therearesomeapplesinthebasket.篮子里有一些苹果。变成否定句:Therearenotanyapplesinthebasket.篮子里没有苹果。变成疑问句:Arethereanyapplesinthebasket?篮子里有苹果吗?特殊1:some:希望得到肯定的答复。Willyoulendmesomemoney?(=Pleaselendmesomemoney.)any:表任何或任何一个Comeanydayyoulike.特殊2:some和any后没有名词时,当做代名词,此外两者也可做副词。Someofthemaremystudents.〔代名词〕Isyourmotheranybetter?(副词)1.some用于疑问句或否定中:1)在否定疑问句中,表示问话人的肯定倾向和对否定的惊讶和怀疑。如:Don'tyouhavesomenewbooks?Youhavesomenewbooks,don'tyou?你难道连几本新书都没有吗。(在问话人心目中,you是有新书的,如今听说没有,因而表示惊讶和怀疑)2)一般疑问句中,表示问话人盼望得到肯定的答复。如:-CanIhavesomeapples?-Certainly!3)表示建议。如:Whataboutsomefruitjuice。喝点儿果汁怎么样。2.any用于肯定句中:1)表示三个或三个以上的人或事物中的一个。如:Youmaytakeanyoneofthesebooks.你可以随便拿一本书。Hestudiesharderthananyofhisclassmates.(=Hestudiesharderthananyotherstudentsinhisclass.)他比班上任何一个学生都努力。2)作任何,无论谁解。如:Anyofthemwilldo.他们中间的谁都行。Anyofthemcantellyou.他们无论谁都能告诉你。我们知道,some通常用于肯定句,any则用于否定句或疑问句。但随着学习的深入,我们发现,情况并不完全如此,上述说法只能算是对some和any用法的一个不太准确和完整的概括。由于some和any是英语中比较常用的词,我们有必要对其用法作出较完善的归纳。一、some和any作为形容词或代词,可以用来说明或代替复数名词或不可数名词,表示不定量,意为“一些”,其区别是:对其所说明或代替的名词持肯定态度时,用some;持非肯定(否定或疑问)态度时,用any。在以下句子中使用some:1.肯定句(包括肯定的陈述句和祈使句以及反意疑问句中肯定的陈述部分)。如:Therearesomenewbooksontheteacher'sdesk.Wehavealotofsugar.Takesomewithyou,please.Heboughtsomebread,didn'the?2.持肯定态度的一般疑问句。如:Aretheresomestampsinthatdrawer?Didn'tshegiveyousomemoney?3.表示请求或建议的一般疑问句,通常都希望得到对方肯定的答复,所以也用some。如:MayIaskyousomequestions?Wouldyoulikesometea?4.特殊疑问句及选择疑问句。因为特殊疑问句和选择疑问句并不对some所说明或代替的名词表示疑问。如:WherecanIgetsomebuttons?Doyouhavesomepensorpencils?在以下句子中使用ANY:1.否定句(包括否定的陈述句和祈使句以及反意疑问句中否定的陈述部分)。如:Ican'tgiveyouanyhelpnow.Donotmakeanynoise.Thereweren'tanytreeshere,werethere?2.含有除not以外的其他否定词或否定结构的句子。如:Jimhardlymakesanymistakesinhishomework.HewenttoLondonwithoutanymoneyinhispocket.Shewastoopoortobuyanynewclothes.3.一般疑问句(持肯定态度的除外)。如:Didshebuyanytomatoesyesterday?Iwantsomepaper.Doyouhaveany?4.条件状语从句。如:Ifyouarelookingforanyink,youcanfinditonmydesk.Ifthereareanygoodapplesthere,getmetwokilos,please.因为条件句“如果……”表达的也是不肯定的态度。所以,如果说话者持肯定的态度或期待得到肯定的答复时,则可以用some。如:Bringmetwopiecesofpaperifyouhavesome.5.whether/if(是否)引导的名词从句。如:Itisstillunknownwhethertheyhavefoundanyproof.Heaskedifhecoulddrinkanycoolwater.二、some还可表示“某些”或用在单数名词前表示“某一个”。any则可用于表示“任何一些”或“(至少3个中)任何一个”,二者均可用于肯定或非肯定的句子中。如:Idon'tlikesomeofthem.Heisworkingatsomeplaceinthenorth.Anycriminal(s)willbepunished.Youcantakeanyofthese.三、some和any也可作为副词,用于比较级前,表示程度,意为“稍许,几分”,用法与其作形容词或代词表示“一些”时基本相同。如:Hefeelssomebetternow.Shewassotiredthatshecouldnotgoanyfurther.some还可以用在数字之前,意为“大约”。如:Heissomefortyyearsold.四、由some-和any-构成的复合不定代词和不定副词,其用法区别多与some和any相同。如:Somethingiswrongwithhereyes.Thereisnotanybodyinthisroom.Haveyouseenitanywhere?Haven'tyouforgottensomething?(持肯定态度)练习请用some或any填空:1)Couldyougetme_____coffee,please?2)Iheardthathewouldstaytherefor_____days.3)Don'ttake_____magazinesoutofthereading-room.4)-Didhebuy_____cakesorcookies?-Cookies,Ithink.5)Ifyouhave_____questions,askme,please.6)_____schoolboywouldknowthat,yetyoudon't.7)Iwonderif_____studentsarestillintheclassroom.8)Haven'tyougot_____stamps?MayIuseone?9)Ishegoingtovisit_____placesofinterestthere?10)_____ofthebooksarenotmine.They'reJohn's,Ithink.11)Thereis_____meatontheplate,isn'tthere?12)Shehasnevereaten_____Chinesefoodbefore.13)_____personatthedoorisaskingtoseeyou.14)Thereare_____100workersinthefactory.15)whenwillyoubuyhim_____newclothes?16)Didhejump_____higherthistime?some用于肯定句;any用于否定句和一般疑问句。请注意看例句后扩号中说明的用法。例:Thereissomewaterintheglass.(肯定句)Therearesomeflowersinthegarden.(肯定句)Therearen'tanylampsinthestudy.(否定句)Arethereanymapsonthewall?(一般疑问句)Wouldyoulikesomeorangejuice?(希望得到肯定回答)Doyouwanttotakeanyphotosattheparty?(一般疑问句)练一练:选用some或any填空。1)Thereisn't______milkinthefridge.2)Icansee______cars,butIcan'tsee______buses.3)Hehas______friendsinEngland.4)Werethere______fruittreesonthefarm?5)Hereare______presentsforyou.6)DoesTomwanttotake______photos?7)Isthere______riceinthekitchen?8)Thereare______newbuildingsinourschool.9)---Wouldyoulike______cakes?---No,I'dnotlike______cakes,butI'dlike______coffee.10)---Arethere______picturesonthewall?---No,therearen't______pictures.
本文标题:some和any的用法
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