系表结构

1主语+系动词+表语(1)状态系动词：只有be一词。如：Sheisalwayslikethat.她总是那样。Iamusedtogoingaboutalone.我习惯于独来独往。Theseshoesaretootightforme.这双鞋我穿太小。动词be，若是用于进行时态或者被动语态，则不是系动词，而是助动词。Iamplayingbasketball.Heishitbyonebrick.(2)持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand。如：Ihopeyou’llkeepfit.我希望你身体好。Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。Thedoorremainedclosed.门仍然关着。Wecanremainfriends.我们可以继续做朋友。Pleasestayseated.请继续坐着。Hestayedsingle.他仍然是单身。(3)表像系动词：表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem,appear,look等。如：Helookstired.他看起来很累。Heseems(tobe)quitehappy.他好像很快活。Thedoctorseemedverycapable.那医生似乎很能干。Heappearedquitewell.他显得身体相当好。Heappearedtakenaback.他似乎很吃惊。Sheappearedperplexed.她显得迷惑不解。2(4)感官系动词：表示“……起来”，有feel(摸起来，感觉),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来，吃起来)等。如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布摸起来很软。Helookshonest,butactuallyhe’sarogue.他看起来很老实，实际他是一个坏蛋。Theyalllookaliketome.他们的模样我看起来都一样。Everybodyfeelscontented.每个人都感到很满足。Icefeelscold.冰感觉起来是凉的。Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.丝绸摸起来很柔软平滑。Itsoundsagoodidea.这听起来是个好主意。Thisfoodtastesgood.这菜好吃。(5)变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run如：Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后，他疯了。Shehadgrownthinnerandthinner.她越来越瘦了。Hiscoldwasgrowingworse.他的感冒越来越严重了。She’sgrowingfat.她正在发胖。He’sgrownusedtoit.他对此已经习惯。Whenshesawthis,sheturnedred.她看到这，脸红了。Hishairturnedgreyinafewweeks.在几个星期中他头发就变灰白了Themilkwillsoonturnsour.牛奶很快就会变酸。Severalpeoplefellill,victimsofbloodpoisoning.3几个人生病了，都是血中毒的受害者。Wegetwiseraswegetold.随着年岁的增长，我们也变得聪明些了。Yourhairhasgonequitewhite!你的头发全白了!Shewentpaleatthenews.听到这消息，她脸色变得苍白。WhenImentionedittohimhewentred.我对他提及此事时他脸红了。Hewentmad.他疯了。Thechildrenmustnotgohungry.孩子们不能挨饿。(6)终止系动词：主要有prove,turnout(结果是，证明是)等。如：Hisstoryprovedfalse.他讲的情况原来是假的。Hisadviceprovedsound.他的劝告证明是对的。Myintuitionturnedouttobecorrect.我的直觉证明是对的。另一种角度理解主系表1状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词（1）Mr.Brownisanengineer.(名词做表语)（2）Themachineisoutoforder.(介词短语做表语)（3）Thetelevisionwason.(副词做表语)4（4）Hisplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.(动词不定式做表语)（5）Myjobisrepairingcars.(动名词做表语)（6）Thequestioniswhatyouwanttodo.(从句做表语，即：表语从句)2持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度（1）Thedoorremainedclosed.(过去分词做表语,remain意为“仍然”处于某种状态)Theteacheraskedthetwelfthofustoremainafterschool.(vi留下；剩下)（2）Theshopstaysopentillseveno'clock.(stay意为“保持某种状态”)IstayedatahotelinNewYork.（stay是不及物动词，留下，逗留，暂住）（3）Thebookliesopenonthetable.Thesnowliesthickontheground.(“表示所处状态”)Iamlyingonthebed.IndialiestothesouthofChina.(躺；位于)（4）Howdothingsstandatthemoment?Standstill!(情况如何，处于某种状态)Standup,please!5（5）Withthewindit’ssodifficulttokeepwarm.(如：keepwarm,keepsafe,keepsilent,keepdry)WearegoingtokeepthehouseinBeijingandrentitout.(保留)3表象系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有：(1)Annadoesnotseemsure.Itseemsthatsomeoneleftthebuildingunlockedlastnight.(2)Lucyappearsupset.Lilyappearscalm.(3)HowdoIlookinthisdress?Youlooklikeonemilliondollars.Youlookasifyouhavenotsleptallnight.4感官系动词（1）Yourhandsfeelcold(“摸起来有某种感觉”)Thedoctorfeelsmybelly(触摸)（2）Yourstorysoundsinteresting(“听起来”)Hesoundsthebellloudly(敲响)（3）Themilktastessour.(“吃或喝起来…..”)tastesomeofthiscake.(“尝”)（4）Thatsoupsmellsdelicious.(smellgood,nice,spicy)Wemustcleanthebirdcage–itisstartingtosmell.5变化系动词表示主语变成什么样子6（1）Fishsoongoesbadinhotweather.Hehasgoneblind.go意为“变为”多跟形容词，变化通常是由好变坏。短语搭配：gowrong,gobad,gomad,gohungry,godeadandgoagainst.（2）Theskyturnspink.(天空一片红霞)Heturnedwritertwoyearsago.turn意为“变为”，多和颜色相搭配。在名词做表语时，不定冠词要省略。(3)Theyaregettingricherandricher.become与get作为变化系动词，可以由好变坏，也可以由坏变好。(4)Mydreamhascometrue.Wrongnevercomesright.Thehandlehascomeloose.门把手(意为“成为”)(5)Thebabyfallsasleep.Heoftenfallsill.(“进入某种状态”)Leavesfalldownfromthetrees.(vi落下)（6）Shegrowsimpatientwithhisconstantexcuses.(growold,hot,worse)ItistoocoldforricetogrowinthenortheastofChina.6终止系动词表示主语已终止动作（1）Hisstoryprovesfalse.(“后来事实表明是…”)Heprovedaveryusefulfriend.Hehasprovedhiscourageinbattle.(证明)（2）Hopefullytomorrowwillturnoutfine.7Itturnedoutthatshedidnotgetthejobintheend.turnout意为“结果是…，最后情况是…”注意：在下面的句子中，形容词做表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。I'mhappytomeetyou.Theyarewillingtohelp.Wearedeterminedtofollowhisexample.主系表结构本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系表结构有两部分构成：连系动词和表语。下面分别解释一下：一连系动词：连系动词分为三类：be动词，感官动词，趋势动词。1)Be动词：am,is,are,was,were2)感官动词：sound,look,taste,feel,smell3)趋势动词：appear,become,grow,get,turn,seem,remain二表语：下列成分都可以做表语：名词，形容词，副词，动词不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词，表语从句．使用举例(注意：连系动词不能够单独作谓语，他们必须和表语一起工作构成谓语):1)名词:False：Iam.Right：Iamastudent.2)形容词：False：Hebecame.Right：Hebecamestrong.3)副词：False：Sheremained.Right：Sheremainedthere.4)现在分词：False：Thestoryseemed.Right:Thestoryseemedinteresting.5)过去分词：8False：Thewindowsseemed.Right:Thewindowsseemedbroken.6)动名词：False：HisjobisteachEnglish.Right:HisjobisteachingEnglish.7)动词不定式：False：Herplanisbecomethewinnerinthegame.Right:Herplanistobecomethewinnerinthegame.6）和7）的区别：6）中动名词表示某人经常干某事：她从星期一到星期五天天教英语；7）中动词不定式表示某人将要干某事：她的计划是将要成为比赛的胜者。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;巩固练习一．主系表结构练习1。Inwinter,thedaysandthenights.冬季白天短，夜晚长2。Attheageoffifteen,hepianist.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了3。Childrenseldom.孩子们很少保持安静。4。Herjoblookafterthechildreninthenursery.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。5。Heofwork.他失业了。6。Theleavesy