主谓一致

一、意义一致原则主语后跟有以下引起的短语:谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。1.1(together)with:Alice(together)withherparentsoftengoestotheparkonSundays.1.2except/but:Everypictureexcept/butthesetwohasbeensold.NobodybutMaryandIwasintheclassroomatthattime.1.3nolessthan:Hissister,nolessthanyou,iswrong.1.4ratherthan:Thefather,ratherthanthebrothers,isresponsiblefortheaccident.1.5perhaps:Peter,perhapsJohn,isplayingwiththelittledog.1.6like:He,likeyouandXiaoLiuisverydiligent.1.7including/besides/aswellas二、就近原则2.1主语由以下连词连接：谓语动词与后一个主语一致:2.2.1(Either)…or…:EitheryouorIamgoingtothemovies.2.2.2Neither…nor…2.2.3Whether…or…2.2.4Notonly…but(also)2.2.5Not…but…2.2therebe句型:be动词与后面第一个名词一致E.g.Thereisanapple,twobananasandsomeorangesontheplates.2.3副词here,there,now,then,up,down,in,out,away,such连接的全部倒装结构中：谓语动词由动词后面的主语决定Onthewallhangtwomaps.墙上挂着两张地图。Onthewallhangsaworldofmap.墙上挂着一张世界地图。Suchistheresult.结果就是这样。Sucharetheresults.这就是结果。三、整体原则3.1并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词：Thewriterandworkeriscomingtoourschooltomorrow.（一个人）Thewriterandtheworkerarecomingtoourschooltomorrow.（两个人）Breadandbutteristheirdailyfood.3.2表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词常用单数形式：E.g.Threeyearsisnotalongtime.Tendollarsiswhatheneeds.Fivehundredmilesisalongdistance.3.3复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式：E.g.TheUnitedNationshaspassedaresolution(决议)。“TheArabianNights”（《天方夜谭》）isaninterestingbook.3.4集合名词people,police,cattle作主语，谓语动词用复数形式：E.g.Thepolicearesearchingforhim.Thecattlearegrassing(吃草)。四、谓单原则4.1and连接的并列单数名词前如有each,every,no修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。E.g.Everyboyandgirlhasbeeninvitedtotheparty.Noteacherandnostudentisabsenttoday.Manyastudentisbusywiththeirlessons.4.2用manya,morethanone修饰名词时，谓语动词要用单数形式。E.g.Morethanonepersonhasmadethesuggestion.Manyaroughmanhasbeencivilizedbyhiswife.4.3Each,Either,One,Another,Theother,Neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：E.g.Eachtakesacupoftea.Eitheriscorrect.4.4由every,some,any,no构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：E.g.Nothingistobedone.4.5means,politics,physics,plastics作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式.五、具体情况原则5.1all,few,more,most,some,any,none,half,therest等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定：Alloftheappleisrotten.整个苹果都烂了。不可数-谓单Alloftheapplesarerotten.所有的苹果都烂了。可数-谓复Mostofthewoodwasusedtomakefurniture.不可数-谓单MostofthepeoplearefromEngland.可数-谓复5.2the+形容词（或分词）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念，谓语动词则用单数形式：E.g.Thewoundedarebeingtakengoodcareofherenow.5.3population当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数：ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofJapan.Onethirdofthepopulationhereareworkers.5.4thenumberof+名词复数，是表示“…的数字”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a(large/great)numberof+名词复数，表示许多，作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式:Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisincreasingyearafteryear.Anumberofstudentshavegoneforanouting.5.5有些集体名词如family,team,group,class,audience,government等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式：Myfamilyisgoingtohavealongjourney.Myfamilyarefondofmusic.Theclasshaswonthehonour.Theclasswerejumpingforjoy.六、先行词原则关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.先行词Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.先行词