高中英语阅读之推理判断题的解题技巧

1高考阅读理解专题：推理判断题的解题技巧推断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，考生要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。近年的高考题中常出现以下五种推理判断题:一.推断隐含意义或深层意义1.这类题干中通常含有learn(),infer(),suggest(),imply(),conclude（）,indicate()等标志性词语,常见的提问方式有：1)．Wecanknowfromthepassagethat________．2).Wecaninferfromthe(first/last)passagethat________．3)．Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat______．4)．Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________．5)．Theunderlinedsentenceindicatesthat________2.解题技巧①针对细节推断:在原文中找到相关的信息源---对具体内容分析--推理判断得出结论实例1：Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled“thedeathwatchbeetle.1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthesoundofthisbeetle________.A.pleasedpeople.B.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.②针对主题思想:以主题为核心-----分析逻辑关系-----得出结论实例2：IntheCaliforniastudy,childrenwithTVsintheirroomsbutnocomputerathomescoredthelowestwhilethosewithnobedroomTVbutwhohadhomecomputersscoredthehighest.WhilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomTVsetscausedthelowerscores,itaddstoaccumulatingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn’thaveTVsintheirbedrooms.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Moretimeshouldbespentoncomputers.B.ChildrenshouldbeforbiddentowatchTV.C.TVsetsshouldn'tbeallowedinchildren'sbedrooms.D.Furtherstudiesonhigh-achievingstudentsshouldbedone.二、推断作者观点或态度1.题干中通常含有attitude,view,opinion,,intheauthor’sopinion/mind等标志性词语。提问方式:1)．Theauthorseemstobeinfavorof/against______．2)．Theauthormayprobablyagreewith/support________．3)．What'stheauthor'sopinionabout...?4)．Intheauthor'sopinion...?22.解题技巧注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。如overestimate(高估),luckily,unexpectedly,pity,certain等。表达作者态度和观点的形容词常有：objective（），subjective（)，neutral（）；positive（）negative（）approval（），disapproval（），ironic（）indifferent（），critical（），cautious（）optimistic（），pessimistic（）等。3.实例3：Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿)，anddeath.Frankly，I’msickofallthebadnews.1.Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_____.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform三.推断文段作用或作者写作意图1.提问方式:1)．Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto________．2)．Thepassageismeantto________．3)．Theauthor'spurposeistoshow________．4)．Thepurposeofthearticleisto________．2.解题技巧①不同的文段在全文中可能会起到：引言/介绍（introduction），举例(example)，对比(comparison)，反衬（contrast）,结论（conclusion）,评论（comment）,背景（background）,论证（demonstration）等作用。②作者的写作目的通常有娱乐读者、说服读者接受某种观点和告知读者某些信息三种。解答此类题时主要有两种方法：1．主旨推断法：写作目的是阐述作者为何要表达某个中心主题，因此可根据主旨推断作者的写作目的。2．文体推断法：根据文体的特点和用途来推断作者的写作目的。如记叙文，特别是个人的有趣经历或幽默故事类的文章，其目的是娱乐读者；夹叙夹议的文章，其目的是让读者得到某种启示或教育；广告和议论文的目的是说服读者接受某种产品、服务或接受某种观点；科普说明文或新闻报告，其目的是告知读者某些信息。3.实例4：“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.1.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem3四．推断文章出处和来源1.提问方式1)．Thetextismostlikelytobetakenfrom________．2)．Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?3)．Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?2).解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：①报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。②广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认。③产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。④网站：文中会出现click（点击），online（在线）,web（网络）,website（网址）等字眼。3.实例5：Don’twanderaimlesslythroughlife.Getfocusedonyourgoals,starthelpingothersinneed,andlivelifetothefullest!Lifeistooshorttobeanythingbuthappy.Visitmyblogandfindwhatyou’vebeenmissing.Sighupformynewsletterandgetsevenfreee-books,too!Readhundredsofarticleswhileyou’rethereinthearticlesection,whichisupdateddaily.1.Thistextmustbetakenfrom___________A.aradioprogramB.awebsiteC.anewspaperD.aTVprogram五.推断目标读者推断目标读者，即要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断此篇文章主要是写给谁看的。1.提问方式1)．Thepassageisprobablywrittenfor________．2)．Whoisthepassagewrittenfor?3)．Thetextiswrittenmainlyfor________．2.解题技巧解答此类题要根据文章内容，特别是从作者使用的词语和口气来判断。3.实例6：ExploityourparkingspaceAnunusedparkingspaceorgaragecanmakemoney.Ifyoulivenearacitycenteroranairport，youcouldmakeanythingupto￡200or￡300aweek.Putanadvertisement(广告)forfreeonLetparkorAtmyhousepark.Rent(出租)aroomSpareroom?Notonlywillalodger(房客)earnyouanincome，butalso，thankstothegovernment-backed“rentaroom”program，youwon'thavetopayanytaxonthefirst￡4，500youmakeperyear.TryadvertisingyourroomonRoomspareorRoommateeasy.MakemoneyduringspecialeventsDon'twantafulltimelodger?Theyrentonashort-termbasis.Ifyouliveinthecapital，rentingaroomoutduringtheOlympicsorotherbigeventscouldbringinmoney.Grashpaddercanadvertiseyourspace.1.Forwhomisthetextmostprobablywritten?A．Lodgers.B．Advertisers.C．Houseowners.D．Onlinecompanies.4即学即练1．WhenIwasateenager，mymother'sbrokenEnglishembarrassedme.Butnow，Iseeitdifferently.Tome，mymother'sEnglishisperfectlyclear，perfectlynatural.Itismymothertongue.Herlanguage，asIhearit，isvivid，direct，andfullofobservationandwisdom.ItwasthelanguagethathelpedshapethewayIsawthings，ex