1932年牛津—华沙规则(中英文)

WARSAW-OXFORDRULES1932PREAMBLETheseRulesareintendedtooffertothoseinterestedinthesaleandpurchaseofgoodsonc.i.f.termswhohaveatpresentnostandardformofcontractorgeneralconditionsavailableameansofvoluntarilyandreadilyadoptingintheirc.i.f.contractsasetofuniformrules.IntheabsenceofanyexpressadoptionoftheseRulesinthemannerhereinafterappearing,theyshallinnocasebedeemedtogoverntherightsandobligationsofthepartiestoasaleofgoodsonc.i.f.terms.RULE1.SCHEMEOFRULESTheseRulesshallbeknownastheWarsaw-OxfordRules,andtheiradoptionashereinprovidedshallbeconclusiveevidencethatthepartiesintendtheircontracttobeac.i.f.contract.AnyoftheseRulesmaybevaried,oramended,orothertermsinsertedinthec.i.f.contract,butsuchvariation,amendmentorinsertionmayonlybemadebyexpressagreementofthepartiestothecontract.IntheabsenceofanysuchexpressagreementtheseRulesshallapplywithoutqualificationtoanysaleofgoodsinvolvingeitherwhollyorinparttransitbysea,inconnectionwithwhichtheyareexpresslyadoptedbyareferencetothetermWarsaw-OxfordRules,andtherightsandobligationsofthepartiesshallbeconstruedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheseRules.IncaseofaconflictbetweentheRulesandacontractthelattershallgovern.ReferencetotheRulesshallcoverallotherprovisionsonwhichthecontractitselfissilent.TheexpressionusageoftheparticulartradeasemployedintheseRulesmeansasettledcustomsogeneralintheparticulartradethatthepartiestothecontractofsalemustbeheldtoknowoftheexistenceofsuchacustomandtohavecontractedwithreferencethereto.RULE2.DUTIESOFTHESELLERASTOSHIPMENT(I)TheSellermustprovidegoodsofthecontractualdescriptionand,subjecttotheprovisionsofthenextsucceedingparagraphandtothoseofRules7(III)and(IV),havethemloadedonboardthevesselattheportofshipmentinthemannercustomaryattheport.(II)Wherethegoodscontractedtobesoldarealreadyafloat,orhavealreadybeendeliveredintothecustodyofthecarrierinthemannerprovidedinRule7(III)and(IV),atthetimethesaleismade,orwherethesellerisentitledtopurchasegoodsofthecontractualdescriptionafloatinordertofulfilhiscontract,thesellershallhavemerelytoappropriatethesegoodstothecontractofsale.Suchappropriationneednottakeplacetillthedocumentsaretenderedtothebuyerandsuchtendershallimplytheappropriationofthegoodstothecontractofsale.RULE3.TIMEOFSHIPMENTANDEVIDENCEOFDATE(I)Thewholequantityofthegoodscontractedtobesoldmustbeshippedordeliveredintothecustodyofthecarrier,asthecasemaybe,atthetimeorwithintheperiod,ifany,specifiedinthecontractofsaleor,ifnosuchtimeorperiodhasbeenspecifiedinthecontractofsaleor,ifnosuchtimeorperiodhasbeenspecifiedinthecontract,withinareasonabletime.(II)Thedateofshipmentorofdeliveryintothecustodyofthecarrier,asthecasemaybe,mentionedinthebillofladingorotherdocumentvalidlytenderedasevidencingthecontractofcarriageshallbeprimafacieevidenceoftheactualshipmentoroftheactualdelivery,asthecasemaybe,onthatdatewithoutprejudicetotherightofthebuyertoprovethecontrary.RULE4.EXCEPTIONSThesellershallnotberesponsiblefordelayorfailuretoshipthegoodscontractedtobesoldoranypartthereofortodeliversuchgoods,oranypartthereofintothecustodyofthecarrier,asthecasemaybe,arisingfromforcemajeure,orfromanyextraordinarycauses,accidentsorhindrancesofwhatkindsoeverorwheresoeverortheconsequencesthereofwhichitwasimpossibleinthecircumstancesforthesellertohaveforeseenoraverted.Intheeventofanyofthesaidcauses,accidentsorhindrancespreventing,hinderingorimpedingtheproduction,themanufacture,thedeliverytotheseller,ortheshipmentofthegoodscontractedtobesoldoranypartthereoforthecharteringofanyvesselorpartofvessel,noticethereofshallbegiventothebuyerbytheseller,andonsuchnoticebeinggiventhetimeforshipmentordeliveryintothecustodyofthecarrier,asthecasemaybe,shallbeextendeduntiltheoperationofthecause,accidentorhindrancepreventing,hinderingorimpedingtheproduction,themanufacture,thedeliverytothesellerortheshipmentofthesaidgoodsoranypartthereoforthecharteringofanyvesselorpartofvesselhasceased.Butifanyofthesecauses,accidentsorhindrancescontinuesformorethanfourteendaysfromthetimeorfromtheexpirationoftheperiodifany,specifiedinthecontractofsalefortheshipmentofthegoodsortheirdeliveryintothecustodyofthecarrier,asthecasemaybe,orifnosuchtimeorperiodhasbeenspecifiedinthecontractthenfromtheexpirationofthereasonabletimecontemplatedinRule3,thewholecontractofsaleorsuchpartthereofasshallremaintobefulfilledbythesellermay,attheoptionofeitherparty,bedetermined,suchoptionshallbeexercisedandnoticetothateffectshallbegivenbyeitherpartytotheotherpartyatanytimeduringthesevendaysnextsucceedingtheperiodoffourteendayshereinbeforementionedbutnotthereafter.Andonsuchnoticebeinggivenneitherpartyshallhaveanyclaimagainsttheotherpartyinrespectofsuchdetermination.RULE5.RISKTheriskshallbetransferredtothebuyerfromthemomentthegoodsareloadedonboardthevesselinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofRule2or,shouldthesellerbeentitledinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofRule7(III)and(IV)inlieuofloadingthegoodsonboardthevesselstodeliverthegoodsintothecustodyofthecarrier,fromthetimesuchdeliveryhaseffectivelytakenplace.RULE6.PROPERTYSubjecttotheprovisionsofRule20(III)thetimeofthepassing