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名词性从句名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组。按句法功能,名词性从句可以分为主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的有连接词that,whether和if,连接代词who,whom,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever以及连接副词when,where和how。用作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词,疑问代词,疑问副词,缩合连接代词,缩合连接副词。一、that引导的主语从句1.that引导的主语从句既可以放在句首,也可以放在句后。但是为了保持句子的平衡,常常用it作形式主语,把真正的主语放在句后。______________________________isamiracle.=Itisamiracle___________________________.他在这场事故中幸免于难,真是奇迹。主语从句(SubjectClause)hesurvivedtheaccidentThatthathesurvivedtheaccident____________________istrue.=Itistrue__________________.千真万确,他是个医生.2.用it作形式主语的从句有的已经形成固定的用法和译法。常见的有四种句型。1)It+be+名词+that从句Itisafactthat…事实上是……Itisapitythat…可惜的是……2)It+be+形容词+that从句Itiscertainthat…很肯定……Itisclearthat…很清楚……Thatheisadoctorthatheisadoctor3)It+be+过去分词+that从句Itissaid…据说……Itmustbepointedout…必须指出……注意:以上句型在表示建议,要求,命令等意义的时候,从句中谓语动词要加should或用动词原形。(属于虚拟语气的用法)Itisimportantthatwe____________English.Itisnecessarythatahighschoolstudent____________aforeignlanguage.4)It+不及物动词+that从句Itseemsthat…好象是……Ithappenedthat…碰巧是……Itfollowsthat…由此可见……shouldspeakshouldmaster3.that主语从句不可以提前的几种情况。虽然that主语从句既可以放在句首,也可以放在句后,但是在下列情况下主语从句不可以提前。1)在“Itissaid/reported…”结构中的主语从句不可以提前。_______________________________.据说他们是幸福的一对。2)在“Itoccurred/happened…”结构中的主语从句不可以提前。_____________________________________.我突然想到了一个好的主意。ItissaidthattheyareahappypairItoccurredtomethatIhadagoodidea3)含有主语从句的复合句是疑问句的时候,主语从句不能提前。_____________________________________他要冒这个险是真的吗?4.it作形式主语和it引导的强调句的比较it作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子的结构;而it引导的强调句可以强调除谓语动词以外的大多数句子成分,无论强调什么成分,都要求用连接词that(强调人的时候可以用who,whom)。当强调部分是状语的时候也只能用that。Isittruethathewouldtaketherisk?JohnmighthaveboughtanewbookforMaryyesterday.ItisJohnthat/whomighthaveboughtanewbookforMaryyesterday.强调主语ItisanewbookthatJohnmighthaveboughtforMaryyesterday.强调宾语ItisforMarythatJohnmighthaveboughtanewbookyesterday.强调目的状语ItisyesterdaythatJohnmighthaveboughtanewbookforMary.强调时间状语二、wh-引导的主语从句1.Wh-引导的主语从句既可以直接放在主语的位置,也可以用it作形式主语。________________hasnotbeenclear.=Itisnotclear_________________.他何时来还不清楚。_________________________doesn'tconcernme.她来不来不关我的事。2.在wh-引导的主语从句中不能用it作形式主语。WhenhewillcomewhenhewillcomeWhethershecomesornot________________________ishiswatch.他正在找的东西是他的表。What,whatever,whoever等引导的主语从句通常不用it作形式主语。____________________________maygetaticketfree.凡是想看这部电影的人都可以免费得到一张票。3.在wh-引导的主语从句中只能用it作形式主语的情况.1)如果主语从句是一个疑问句,要用it作形式主语。Hasitbeendecided_____________________________?我们在哪里进行这个实验决定了吗?WhatheislookingforWhoeverwantstoseethefilmwherewewilldotheexperiment2)在“Itdoesn'tmatter+how/whether/if…”结构中要用it作形式主语。Itdoesn'tmattertome__________________________.她满意与否对我而言并不重要。三、whether与if引导的主语从句之间的区别。whether引导的主语从句既可以放在句首,也可以放在句后,if引导的主语从句只可放在句后。___________________________makesnodifference.她来不来没关系。(不能用if)Itisdoubtful_____________Presidentknewthedetailsoftheplan.总统是否知道这个计划的细节这一点颇有疑问。whethersheispleasedornotWhethershecomesornotwhether/if1.________________________(谁将去音乐会)isnotknown.2.______________(我们需要的)ismoretime.3._________________(他们将去哪里)isnotknown.4.________________________________(他们将在哪里开会)isnotknown.5.________________________(他为什么上学迟到)isnotclear.6._______________________________(他们将会买哪种书)needsconsidering.7.______________________________(他是否来看我)doesn’tmattermuch.WhowillgototheconcertWhatweneedWheretheywillgoWheretheywillholdthemeetingWhyhewaslateforclassWhichkindsofbookstheywillbuyWhetherhewillcometoseeme8.(谁将去接他)_________________isnotdecided.9.(哪个班极会赢得这场足球赛)___________________isnotclearsofar.10.(他能否买到飞机票)_________________________doesn’tmattermuch.11.(我们如何去那里)_________________________isaquestion.12.(你刚才告诉我的)__________________________wasreallyasurprise.13.(他什么时候出国)____________________________isbeingdiscussed.14.Itisclear___________________(他是一个乞丐).WhowillbringhimWhichclasseswillwinthefootballgameWhetherhecanbuytheplaneticketHowcanwegetthereWhatyoutoldmejustnowWhenhewillgoabroadthatheisabeggar同位语从句(AppositiveClause)同位语从句用于对名词作进一步的解释,具体说明名词的实际内容。它与定语从句相似。二者都有先行词。但同位从句与先行词是同位或等同关,定语从句与先行词是修饰关系。同位语从句的先行词多为fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark等,关联词多用that。一、同位语从句与定语从句的区别Theywereallshockedatthenews___________________________________________.他们都为德国向俄国宣战的消息而感到震惊。Theywereallshockedatthenews_______________________________.他们都为收音机中宣布的消息而震惊。定语从句,that在从句中作主语,省略了句子成分不全thatGermanyhaddeclaredwaronRussia同位语从句,that只起引导作用,在句中不作任何成分)thatwasannouncedontheradio二、同位语从句通常由that引导1.Hehadtofacethefact________________________.他不得不面对下岗的事实。Thenews____________________________isexciting.球队赢了这场比赛的消息令人兴奋。2.同位语从句有时和先行词分开Thefactremains__________________________.他收了那笔钱的事实依然存在。Anideaoccurredtohim_________________________.他突然想起他可以乘飞机去那里。thathewaslaidoffhisjobthattheteamwonthegamethatheacceptedthemoneythathemightgotherebyair我们可能成功的想法让我们很开心.他们在试一次的想法值得考虑.他们表达了想再次来中国的想法.Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus.Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering.TheyexpressedthethoughtthattheywouldcometoChinaagain.三、wh-疑问词引导的同位语从句疑问代词who,which,what和疑问副词where,when,why,how都可以引导同位语从句。Ihavenoidea_______________________.我不知道他们多久后来。Theproblem,__________________________________,hasnotbeenansweredyet.你为什么要放弃这个计划,对这个问题你还没有回答。howsoontheyarec
本文标题:主语同位语从句综述
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