1.动名词的用法(ppt)

动名词由动词加－ing词尾构成，动名词的否定结构:把not放在doing前面。即notdoingsth.／nothavingdonesth.。一、动名词的名词特征动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用，作主语、宾语、表语、定语。例如：Beatingachildwilldomoreharmthangood．打孩子弊大于利。（作主语）Doyoumindansweringmyquestion？你不介意回答我的问题吧？（作宾语）Tokeepmoneythatyouhavefoundisstealing．把拾到的钱留起来是偷盗行为。（作表语）Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom．阅览室里不许大声说话。（作定语）1）作主语①Doing+v.+…nouse/nogood/nofun②It`s+ashame+doingawasteoftime/moneyuselessdangerous③Thereisno+doing...动名词作主语,如：1）名词直接放在句首作主语。例如：Seeingisbelieving.Usingtherighthandtoshakehandsisaconventioninmanycountries.用右手握手是许多国家的一种习俗。2）动名词在“Itisnouse/nogood/fun/awasteoftime/agoodpleasure等名词+doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。例如：Itisnogoodwritingtohim;heneveranswersletters.写信给他不妥，他从来不回信。Itisnouseyourcomplaining;thecompanywon’tdoanythingaboutit.抱怨是没有用的，公司是不会管的。3）动名词在“Itisuseless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile等形容词+doing”结构中作主语。例如：Itisgoodplayingchessaftersupper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。Itisuselessspeaking.光说是没有用的。4）动名词在“Thereis(was)no+doing”结构中作主语。例如：Thereisnodenyingthatsheisveryefficient.她效率高是不容否认的。Thereisnotellingwhatheisgoingtodo.他要做什么一点消息都没有。1.It'snogood________oversplitmilk.A.tocryB.cryingC.criedD.cry2.Itisnouse________withoutthrough_________.A.toread;understoodB.reading;understandingC.toread;understandD.read;tounderstand3.________providesuswithessentialnutrients(营养),while________providesuswithoxygen.A.Toeat;breathingB.Eating;tobreatheC.Eating;breathingD.Eaten;breathed４．----Whatmadehimsohappy?----___________theentranceexaminationＡ．BecauseofpassingB.BecausehepassedC.HavingbeenpassedD.Havingpassed2.动名词作宾语1）有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词有：admit承认；excuse原谅；postpone拖延；anticipate期望；fancy想象practise练习；appreciate欣赏；finish完成；prevent防止；avoid避免；forbid禁止；propose建议；consider考虑；forgive宽恕；recollect回忆；delay耽搁；imagine想象；resent厌恶；deny否认；involve涉及；resist抵制；detest厌恶；keep保留；risk冒险；dislike讨厌；mind在意；save挽救；dread害怕；miss错过；suggest建议；enjoy喜欢；pardon原谅；escape逃避；permit允许常用口诀记住避免错过(少)延期avoidmissdelay/postpone建议完成(多)练习suggest/advisefinishpractise喜欢想象禁不住enjoy/appreciateimagineresist/can`thelp承认否定(与)嫉妒admitdenyenvy逃脱冒险(莫)原谅escape/envyriskpardon/excuse忍受保持(不)介意standkeep/keepon/mind例如：Irecommendbuyingthedictionary.我建议买这本词典。Idon’tanticipatemeetinganyopposition.我估计不会遇到任何反对意见。Willyouadmithavingbrokenthewindow?你承认不承认打破了窗户？②作介词/短语动词的宾语:S.+v.+prep.+doinglookforwardto盼望着beusedto习惯于putoff推迟giveup放弃S.+keepon+doing持续succeedin成功做某事can`thelp禁不住feellike喜欢bebusy忙于Eg：（1）Heputoffmakingadecisiontillhehadmoreinformation.在获得详情之前，他没有急于作出决定。（2）Doyoufeelliketakingawalk?你要不要去散步？3）WearelookingforwardtocomingtoChina.我们期待着来中国。（4）Wesucceededingettingoverallthedifficulties.我们终于克服了所有的困难。4）在“havedifficulty(trouble,problem,ahardtime,fun,agoodtime)(+in)+动名词；bebusy(in)+动名词；wastetime(in)+动名词；losttime(in)+动名词；Thereisnopoint(in)+动名词”等结构中，动名词做介词宾语，in常要省去。eg：(1)Thechildrenarebusydoingtheirhomework.孩子们忙于做作业。(2)Thereisnopoint(in)makingthesimpleexperimentsonceagain.再做一次这种简单的实验是毫无意义的。１．—Whatcausedthepartytobeputoff?—_____theinvitations.A.TomdelayedsendingB.Tom’sdelayingsendingC.TomdelayingtosendD.Tomdelayedtosend２Iambusy_____fortheentranceexamination,soIcan’thelp_____houseworkathome.A.preparing;doingB.preparing;todoC.toprepare;doingD.toprepare;todo３.Hedevotedhislifeto________theatomictheory.A.studyB.bestudiedC.studyingD.havestudied４．Whatworriedthechildmostwas__________tovisithismotherinthehospital.Ａ．hisnotallowingB.hisnotbeingallowedC.hisbeingallowedD.havingnotbeenallowed二、动名词可具有时态意义动名词可以像动词那样表现时态意义，有一般式（doing）和完成式（havingdone）之分。动名词的时态意义是一个相对的概念，从属于句中谓语动词。一般式表示动名词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生，或表示一般性动作，没有时间概念；完成式表示动名词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。例如：Sheisproudofbeingbeautiful．她为自己的美丽而骄傲。（同时）IamthinkingofgoingtotheIndustrialExhibitionthisafternoon．我想下午去看工业展览。（在其后）我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。Iapologizefornothavingkeptmypromise．（之前发生）他因对国家做了这样大的贡献而受到表扬。Hewaspraisedforhavingmadesuchacontributiontothecountry．（之前发生）三、动名词可具有语态意义如果动名词与句中的逻辑主语构成被动关系，即逻辑主语是接受动名词的动作，需用其被动形式（beingdone，havingbeendone）。其否定形式是：notbeingdone,nothavingbeendone例如：他们无法忍受这样的待遇。Theycouldn‘tstandbeingtreatedlikethat．（与其逻辑主语They构成被动关系，比较：Theyaretreatedlikethat．）我听说他被选为那个队的教练。Iheardofhishavingbeenchosentobethecoachoftheteam．（与其逻辑主语his构成被动关系，比较：Hewaschosentobethecoachoftheteam．)③主动表被动:deserve(值得）want(需要)need(需要)require(需要)Sth.+stand(经受)+doingbear(忍受)be+past(超过)beworth(值得)be+inneedof(需要)e.g.①Theroomwantscleaning.②Themethodneedsimproving.③Thispairofshoesispastmending.④Theproblemisinneedofworkingout.⑤Thequestioniswellworthdiscussing.needSth.+require还可以+tobedonewant但beworth(+while)只能+doing#Sth.+beworthyof+n./beingdoneSth.+beworthy+todo/tobedoneEg:(1)Theflowersinthegardenwantwatering．花园里的花需要浇水了。（比较Theflowersinthegardenwanttobewatered．）(3)That‘soneofthosequestionsthatreallydon’tneedanswering．那是一个那种真的不需回答的问题。（比较：Thequestionsdon‘tneedtobeanswered．）(4)Hissuggestionisworthconsidering.他的提议值得考虑Hissuggestionisworthytobeconsidered.3）allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟所有格及动词作宾语时，要用V-ing形式；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟宾语补足语（即构成复合宾语），其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。我不允许他在此地游泳。Idon’tallowhisswimminghere.Idon’tallowhimtoswimhere.１.Somefoodsareeatenwithout____________.A.wellabsorbing（吸收B.beingwellabsorbedC.absorbingD.wellabsorbed２.A