英语形容词-副词及比较结构

ADJECTIVE&ADVERBADJECTIVE1.句法功能定语，表语，补语，状语或主语Curious,wewentintothecave.Yourideasoundsgood.Theinternethasmadetheglobalvillagepossible.Richorpoormeantthesametothem.(做主语往成对出现)2.位置（1）一般放在被修饰名词前，下列情况，形容词往往放在被修饰的名词之后：修饰复合代词如something,anything,someone,somebody时；由前缀a-构成的形容词（如：afraid，alone,alike,ashamed,asleep,awake等）作定语时要求后置由两个或以上的词构成的形容词词组修饰名词时：Thereisnothingwrongwiththemachine.Theclimatehereisalwayshot,summerandwinteralike.Shebroughtabookcase,simpleandbeautiful.(2)多个形容词修饰同一名词时，通常按下列顺序排列：记忆口诀：“美小圆旧黄，中国木书房”“美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词；“小”代表“小、长短、高低、胖瘦类”形容词；“圆”代表“形状类”形容词；“旧”代表“新旧、年龄类”形容词；“黄代表“颜色类”形容词；“中国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类”形容词；“木”代表“物质、材料、质地类”形容词；“书”代表“用途、类别、功能、作用类”形容词；“房代表“中心名词”如：abeautifullargegreenChinesecarpet一块漂亮宽大的绿色的中国地毯ausefulbigwhitewoodenbox一个有用的大的白色的木盒ADVERB1.句法功能：可做状语，表语，定语，介词宾语和宾语补足语。如：Herunsfast.Timeisup.ThegirlstherecomefromAmerica.Pleaseaskthemout.2.特殊副词的用法：very可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词我非常喜欢英语。IlikeEnglishverymuch.不能说：IverylikeEnglish.COMPARATIVESTRUCTURE1.notsomuch…as…与其…不如…(否定前者，肯定后者)Successliesnotsomuchinluckasinhardwork.与其说成功在于运气，不如说在于辛勤劳动。与其说他是个学者，不如说他是个书呆子。Heisnotsomuchasascholarasapedant.Itisnotsomuchthelanguage______theculturebackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.A.butB.norC.asD.likeC2.AistoBwhatCistoDA之于B就好像C之于DTothePortuguese,thedrysaltedcod(鳕鱼)iswhatpastaistotheItalians.如果是数与数的比较，则一般用as2isto4as8isto163比较级的特殊结构moreAthanB或ratherAthanB与其说是B,不如说是AlessAthanB或notsuchmuchAthanB与其说是A,不如说是Bnoneotherthan不是别的…正是…noother…than不是别的…正是…morethan不只是，极其nomorethan仅仅，只不过nomore…than…与…一样不…nolessthan多达，不少于noless…than…不亚于，同样otherthan不同于…，非…HisvisittoNewYorkwasmorethansightseeing.他去纽约不仅仅是为了观光。YouarenomorecapableofspeakingEnglishthanIam.你和我一样都说不好英语。Inhiscompositiontherewerenoothererrorsthanafewmisspelledwords.在他的作文里除了几个拼写错误，没有别的错误。Johnis____hardworkingthanhissister,buthefailedintheexam.A.nolessB.nomoreC.notlessD.noso强调约翰和姐姐都很努力，并不是比较两者谁更努力，因此不选CA4.ofa/an+n.相当于一个形容词，表示具有后面那个名词的性质，可用于以下搭配：asmuch/littleofa/an+n.+as分句；more/lessofa/an+n.+than分句。Whathetolduswasmoreofanillusionthanareality.他对我们所说的在很大程度上是一种幻觉而不是真实的东西。Itwas_____wehadhoped.A.moreasuccessthanB.asuccessmorethanC.asmuchofasuccessasD.asuccessasmuchasC5.as,than引导比较状语从句在as…as和more…than等比较结构中，as/than可做连词，引导比较状语从句，充当从句的主语，表语，宾语的作用，其功能类似于定语从句的关系代词。Childrenshouldnothavemoremoneythanisneeded.Themedicineismoreeffectivethanisexpected.Shemakesasmuch(money)asIdo.6.倍数的表达Ais倍数+thesize/length/widthofBAis倍数as+形容词或副词原级+asBAis倍数morethanB(A比B多几倍)长江差不多是珠江的三倍长。TheYangtzeRiverisalmostthreetimesthelengthofthePearlRiver.TheYangtzeRiverisalmostthreetimesaslongasthePearlRiver.TheYangtzeRiverisalmosttwicelongerthanthePearlRiver.Anewlaptopcostsabout____ofasecond-handone.A.thepriceofthreetimesB.threetimesthepriceC.asmuchasthethreetimespriceD.threetimesmorethanthepriceBHAVEATRY1.DoyouknowTim’sbrother?Heis_____thanTim.A.muchmoresportsmanB.moreofasportsmanC.moreofsportsmanD.moreasportsman2.Intellectistothemind___sightistothebody.A.whatB.asC.thatD.likeBA3.Theindoorswimmingpoolseemstobeagreatdealmoreluxuriousthan____.A.isnecessaryB.beingnecessaryC.tobenecessaryD.itisnecessary4.languagebelongstoeachmemberofthesociety,tothecleaner___totheprofessor.A.asforasB.thesameasC.asmuchasD.aslongasAC5.Thattrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.Butitwasn’tbotheredbyhisloudness____byhislackofhistalent.A.somuchasB.ratherthanC.asD.than6.thesquareitselfisfivehundredyardswide,fivetimes____thesizeofSt.Peter’sinRome.A./B.thatofC.whichisD.of7.Hewas____totellthetrutheventohisclosestfriend.A.toomuchthecowardB.toomuchofacowardC.acowardenoughD.enoughofcowardAAB