定语从句中关系副词的用法

定语从句中关系副词的用法关系副词，顾名思义，是联系先行词和定语从句的词，属于副词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when,where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下：表时间的名词+when+定语从句when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。例句：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.表地点的名词+where+定语从句where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。例句：Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.表原因的名词reason+why+定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。)例句：ThatisthereasonwhyIdidthejob.(在现代英语中why可以省略)上句也可以这样表示：ThatisthereasonIdidthejob.又如：Thiswasthereason(why)weraisedthetemperature.关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视：1）“when”、“where”和“why”的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子：*IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstmetyouontheseashore.*Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherinXueyaoMiddleSchool.*Thisisthehospitalwheremymotherworks.*Thisisthehospitalwhich/thatwevisitedthedaybeforeyesterday.*Thereasonwhyhedidnotgotoschoolisthathewasill.*Thisisthereasonwhich/thathegavehisbossintheoffice.2)“when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词+which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如：DoyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwefirstmetinNantong?(onwhich=when)Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.(inwhich=where)DoyouknowthereasonforwhichherefusedtogotoMary’sbirthdayparty.(forwhich=why)有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用“介词+which”结构，而不使用关系副词。例如：Mymotherworksinafactory,infrontofwhichthereisasmallriver.Atnightthesoldiersgottoasmallhill,atthefootofwhichstoodafarmhouse.3)关系副词“when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。例如：IwillalwaysrememberthedaywhenIfirstvisitedtheGreatWall.HecametoShanghaiin1980,whenhewasonly12.Idon’tknowtheexactspotwheretheywillmeet.MrWangwillflytoBeijing,wherehewillstayforthreemonths.有时关系副词“when”、“where”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象，是为了平衡句子的语法需要。DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?ThedaysaregoneforeverwhentheChinesepeopleused“foreignoil.”.4)“that”可活用为关系副词，相当于“when,where、why”和“介词+which”结构，尤其在“thetimewhen”等结构中的“when”常被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略。ImayleavehereanytimeIwantto.DuringthetimeIwasthereIvisitedhimtwice.ThisismysecondtimeIhavecometoyourcountry.5)“which”有时可用作关系形容词，这是“which”在非限制性定语从句中的特殊使用，如：Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveupsmoking,whichadvicehedidnotfollow.定语从句专项练习1．Thisistheplace_____Johnwasborn?A．whichB．whereC.whenD．that2.Heistheonlyperson____Iwanttotalkto.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whose3．Isthisproblem_____theteacherexplainedlastweek?A．theoneB．thatC．whichD．one4．Thehighbuilding_____standfourpolicemenisthepolicestation．A．whichB．thatC．infrontofitD.infrontofwhich5．MymotherwillgiveMaryamodelplane_____shewillliketoplay．A．whichB．thatC．forwhichD．withwhich6．Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.A．untilB．thatCwhenD．where7．Therearetimes_____IwonderwhyIdothisjob．A．asB．whileC．whichD．when8．AfterlivinginLondonforthirtyyears，MrSmithreturnedtothesmalltown_____hegrewupasachild．A．whichB．whereCthatD．when9．Theyhadalongtalkaboutthepersonsandthings_____theybothknew．A．whomB．whatC.thatD．which10．Thatistheverybook______Iamlookingfor.A．thatB．whichC．whatD．as11．Whoisthescientist_____isgoingtogiveusatalkonspacethisSunday?A．thatB．whoC.whichD．whom12．Idon'tliketheway_____youspeaktoyourteacher．A．／B．inthatC.whichD．ofwhich13．Couldyoutellmewhentogetthebook______Iwanttoread?A．whatB．whoC．／D．it14．Thedays_____wespentinTokyotogetherwillneverbeforgotten.A.whenB．whichC．whoD．onwhich15．Apenfriendofmine______IoftenreceivelettersaskedmeforsomeChinesecoins.A．whoB．whomC．towhoD．fromwhom16.Don'tforgettheday_____youwereadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.A．whenB．thatC．atwhichD.where17．Perhapsthisistheonlyshop_____youcangetsuchcheapgoods.A.thatB．ofwhichC．bywhichD．where18．Icanstillremembertheplace_____mybrotherandIusedtositintheevening.A．whichB．whatC.thatD．where19．_______isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As20．All____isneededisasupplyofoil.A.thethingB.whatC.thatD.which21．Hewasseriouslyillwhenhewasachild,____madehimlosehissight.A.asB.thatC.whichD.it22．Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____hecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.towhomC.whoD.fromwhom23．Hetoldthesamestory______Itold.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it24．Thebestworkisthat____Tomhasdone.A.itB.whichC.whenD.where25.Thefirstthing____weshoulddoistowatertheflowersinfrontoftheroom..A.whichB.asC.whatD.that26.Anygirls___knewhimwereteachers.A.whereB.thatC.theyD.whom27.Thehousefellandhurtawomanandherdog___werejustpassingby.A.whichB.asC.thatD.who28．Thatisthehotel____westayedlastyear.A.inthatB.inwhichC.whyD.atwhich29.Thisisthereason____wemadeMrLiheadmasterofourschool.A.whereB.whenC.beforeD.why30.Thestudentwhodoeswellinhislessonisthemonitor___isverymodestandstudieshard.A.whoB.thatC.asD.which答案与简析：1．B.先行词是地点，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。2.A.先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时，关系代词常用that。3．A.缺少先行词，故选A,作宾语的关系代词省略。4．D．介词+关系代词引导定语从句。5．D.playwith是一个固定结构，故选withwhich。6．C．先行词为时间名词hours，在定语从句中作状语。7．D．先行词为时间名词times，在定语从句中作状语。8．B．先行词为地点名词，在定语从句从中作状语。9．C．先行词包含人和物，关系代词只能用that。10．A.先行词被thevery修饰，关系代词只能用that。11．A.Who引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句关系代词只能用that,以免重复。12．A.way为先行词时，关系代词用that或inwhich或不填。13．C．关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，指物，可以用that或which或不填。14．B．spent是及物动词，关系代词which作其宾语。15