过去分词作定语和表语-Grammar

ThePastParticiple(1)astheAttributeandPredicative过去分词作定语和表语Unit1Grammaralightedcandle一支点燃的蜡烛ausedstamp一枚用过的邮票Translationabrokencoin一枚破损的硬币一名退休教师aretiredteacheraninjuredfinger一个受伤的手指一个醉鬼adrunken/drunkman基本形式和意义过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语，不可以单独构成谓语。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，也有不规则的形式。ThePastParticiple--Lookattheexcitedboy!Whyishesohappy?--Hehasgotthefirstprizeinthecontest.--Nowonderheisexcited!Lookatthedialogueandfindtheuseofthepastparticiple.1.单个过去分词或由过去分词构成的复合形容词作定语时，通常置于被修饰的名词之前；当修饰不定代词时，放在不定代词之后。表示被动或完成意义。过去分词作定语例如：1)anhonoredguestaretiredteacher2)Everybodyinvitedisexpectedtoarriveatleast15minutesearly.3)TheGreatWallisawell-knowntouristattraction•Leave的过去分词left表示“剩下的，剩余的”时候，常置于被修饰词之后。如：Don’tworry.Thereishalfanhourleft.2.过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。例如：Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromthefreshfruit___onhisownfarm.A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrow分析：grownonhisfarm相当于限定性定语从句which/thataregrownonhisownfarmThedisc,digitally___inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded分析：digitallyrecordedinthestudio相当于非限定性定语从句whichisdigitallyrecordedinthestudioe.g.ThebookswrittenbyLuXunarepopular．We’llgotovisitthebridgebuilthundredsofyearsago．Withthegovernment’said,thoseaffectedbytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.3.一些不及物动词也有过去分词形式。由于不及物动词不可以直接加宾语，所以其过去分词作定语时只表示完成，没有被动意义。例如：fallenleavestherisensuntheadvancedcountriesaretiredteachernewly-arrivedgoods动词-ed形式作定语和动词-ing形式作定语有什么区别呢？1）语态不同-ing表主动、进行；-ed表被动、完成thefallingleaves落叶（正往下落的)thefallenleaves落叶（已落到地面的)thechangingworldthechangedworld（正在变化的）（变化了的）boilingwaterboiledwater（正在沸腾的)（已经沸腾过的）fadingflowersfadedflowers(正在凋谢的)（已经凋谢的）adevelopingcountryadevelopedcountry(发展中的)（发达的）2）时间关系不同-ing表示“正在进行”或“与谓语动词同时进行”或“经常性”。-ed表示动作先于谓语动词表示的动作。Doyouknowtheboylyingunderthebigtree?“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid,angrilypointingtothenotice.Thehousebuiltabout50yearsagowasdamagedinanearthquake.3）及物动词的过去分词与现在分词的被动式都可表示被动,但-ed表示一个完成了的动作,而beingdone多表示一个正在进行的动作。Theproblemdiscussedyesterdayhassomethingtodowithus.Theproblembeingdiscussednowhassomethingtodowithus.Thebuildingbeingbuiltisourlibrary.1.TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.,didn’tincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobeplaying考点点拨简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分是一个作定语、修饰TheOlympicGames的后置分词短语;再根据TheOlympicGames对于动词play来说只能是被动承受,且已完成(in776B.C.)。因此,该题应选C。2.What’sthelanguage___inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak简析:该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whichisspoken。3.Mostoftheartists____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited简析:该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whowereinvited。4.Thecomputercentre,___lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非限制性定语从句“whichwasopenedlastyear”代替。5.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句thatwerewritten。另外,分词作状语时,如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时,需要独立主格结构或with复合结构来替代。(此时,也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。)例:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied简析:很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是hishands,而不是句子的主语Themurderer,而hishands对于动词tie来说,只能是被动承受。因此,该题应选D。1.过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，与被动语态结构相似，主要是表示动作的完成和状态，相当于一个形容词其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。如：Everyonepresentwasveryinspiredathisspeech．听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。Youseemfrightened.你似乎受了惊吓。过去分词作表语•过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或状态，相当于形容词；•被动语态中，句子主语是动作的承受者，后面常跟by。例如：Thisshopisclosed．(状态)Thisshopisclosedbythelocalgovernment.(动作)2.过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别3.一些表示情感的动词的过去分词以及其他一些词的过去分词常作表语。除了与be连用之外，也可以与appear,become,feel,get,grow,look,remain,seem等系动词连用。如：Thegirlfoundthatshewaslost.Thoseterribledaysaregone.Hegotdrunkwhenhecameback.可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有：connectedcrowdedcoveredgonetireddelighteddisappointedupsetsurprisedpleasedastonishedexcitedfrightenedexperiencedinterestedqualifiedpuzzledexhaustedsatisfieddrunkknownmarriedlostseparatedamusedworriedbrokenCompletethesentencesusingthepastparticipleasthepredicative.1.丢了钱他自责不已。He__________aboutlosingthemoney.2.你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？Whydoyoualways___________?Doyousleepwellthesedays?gotblamedlooksotired3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。I_____________________thefilmIsawlastnight.Ihadexpectedittobebetter.4.听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。Everybody____________tohearthedeathofthefamousfilmstar．wasdisappointedwithwasshocked5.要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。Thechildren______________________goingtothezoo．6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒。Hiswound___________________anewvirus．arereallyexcitedaboutbecameinfectedwith1.____inthetrafficaccident____takentohospital.A.Aninjured,wasB.Theinjured,hasC.Theinjuring,wereD.Theinjured,havebeenChoosethebestanswer.2.Thegirl___forwardtobuyinganewgoldwatch.A.referredtolookB.referredtolookingC.referredtolooksD.referringtolooks3.Fromthedate___onthegoldcoin,wedecidedthatitwasmade500yearsago.A.markingB.markedC.tobemarkedD.havingbeenmarked4.Expertsthinkthatweneedtoeatmeatbecauseitcontainsvitaminsandminerals_____invegetables.A.notfindingB.nottobefoundC.notfoundD.whichisnotfound5.Thebusinessofon-lineshoppingsofarhasbe