高考英语省略句讲解课件

省略为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：（一）简单句中的省略1、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。e.g.(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.（括号内为省略的词语，下同）(I)Seeyoutomorrow.(It)Doesn’tmatter.2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。e.g.(Thereis)Nosmoking.(Isthere)Anythingwrong?Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to。e.g.----Areyougoingthere?----I’dliketo(gothere).Hedidnotgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto(givemethechance).(动词:want,wish,expect,hope,like,love,try,forget,decide,prefer,mean,intend,plan,refuse…等动词宾语。tell,ask,want,expect,warn…等动词的宾补。形容词：glad,happy,pleased,delighted,…短语：begoingto,beaboutto,beableto,haveto,usedto,oughtto,…)注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态，则须在to之后加上be或have。e.g.----Areyouanengineer?----No,butIwanttobe.----Hehasn’tfinishedthetaskyet.----Well,heoughttohave.4、省略表语。e.g.----Areyouthirsty?----Yes,Iam(thirsty).5、感叹句根据上下文的省略。e.g.Whatawonderfulfilm(itis)!(It’s)Simplyimpossible!6、介词的省略：e.g.Theoldmanhadnodifficulty(in)findinghishouse.一些固定词组：haveahardtime(in)doingsth.wastetime(in)doingsth.,spend…(in)doingsth.prevent/stop…(from)…,bebusy(in)doing…,beengaged(in)doing…,there’snouse(in)doing…,…Hefailed(in)thegame.Thewarlasted(for)fouryears.（但在句首和与walk等连用不可）Comeandseeme(at)anytimeyoulike.(in,on,at,by)Hestayed(at)homeallday.Hewalked(for)threeli.(表示距离的状语中)（In)Thiswayyouwillsucceed.7、名词所有格后面的名词，如果是表示住宅，店铺，教堂或者上下文已经暗示或明确指出过的事物时常省略。e.g.Athersister’s(house),shespentapleasantweekend.8、连词的省略：notonly…but(also)…,whether…(ornot),so(that)9、情态动词should的省略insist,order,command,suggest,propose,advise,demand,require,request,ask.It’snecessary/important/impossible/strange/natural/apity…10、同时省略几个成分。e.g.Let’smeetatthesameplaceas(wemet)yesterday.----Haveyoufinishedyourwork?----(Ihave)Not(finishedmywork)yet.（二）并列句中的省略两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。e.g.Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(is)anurse.Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)athighschool.（三）主从复合句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略。e.g.(I’m)Sorrytohearthatyouareill.(Itisa)Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用so或not（切不可用it或that）代替。e.g.----Ishecomingbacktonight?----Ithinkso.----Ishefeelingbettertoday?----I’mafraidnot.这种用法常见的有：Howso?Whyso?Isthatso?Ihopeso.Hesaidso及Isupposenot.Ibelievednot.Iimaginenot.Iexpectnot.Ihopenot.Iguessnot等。（但Idon’tthinkso比Ithinknot更常用）。（四）其它省略1、连词that的省略：①、宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况be+某些形容词(afraid,sure,sorry,certain,glad…)；两个(或两个以上）宾语从句并列时；Hesaidthat,ifhecouldmanageit,hewouldcomefordinner.②、在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语/表语/Therebe结构的主语时可省略。I’mnottheman(that)Iwaswhenyouknewmefirst.Thisisthefastesttrain(that)thereistoBeijing.Thisisthebestway(that)weshouldchoose.Idon’tliketheway(that)/inwhichhetalkstohisparents.③、引导主语从句、同位语从句等的连词that一般不可省略。在表语从句中偶尔可省略。Whattheywanttodois(that)theygotoplaybasketball.2、不定式符号to的省略①、并列的不定式可省去后面的to。e.g.Itoldhimtositdownandwaitforamoment.Tobefortheplanortobeagainsttheplandoesn’tmatter.②、当不定式作表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词do及各种形式，则不定式可省略。Whathewantstodois(to)gohome.③、某些使役动词（如let,make,have）及感官动词（如see,watch,notice,hear,feel,lookat和listento等）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to，但在被动语态中须把to加上。e.g.----Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.----Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.④、介词but/except/besides前若有动词do，后面的不定式不带to。e.g.Theboydidnothingbutplay.3、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语(或it)与主句主语一致时，可省去“主语+be”部分或从句的主语it。（参看“状语从句”有关部分）Lookoutforcarswhencrossingthestreet.Fillintheblankswitharticleswherenecessary.Sheworkedextremelyhardthoughstillratherpoorinhealth.在比较状语从句中，than或as后面的部分可省略。Tomplaysfootballaswellas,ifnotbetterthan,Jack.(=TomplaysfootballaswellasJackdoes,ifhedoesn’tplaybetterthanJackdoes.)Weshouldthinkmoreofourclassthanofourselves.4、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化（参见“倒装句”有关部分）5、主句与从句各有一些成分省略。e.g.Thesooner(youdoit),thebetter(itwillbe).