华为XLabs白皮书互联汽车的通信网络

INTRODUCTION1-://://—://://)enablesfuel-efficiencyandsafetyapplications.Connectingtotransportandotherinfrastructurealsoprovidesforbettertrafficmanagement.ThetermforalloftheseconnectionstogetherisV2X–vehicle-to-everything.Majorplayersfromtheautomotiveandtechnologyindustrieshavesteppedupconnectedcarresearchactivitiesoverthelastfiveyears.Between2010and2015,over2,500inventionsrelatingtoV2X(vehicle-to-everything)technologieswerefiled,whileafurther22,000patentsrelatingtoself-drivingcarswerealsosubmittedduringthesameperiod.Currently,everymajorautomobilemanufacturerisactivelytestingintegraltechnologiesforfutureconnectedvehicles.NewplayerssuchasTesla,Google,Apple,andFaradayFuturearealsoinvestingheavilyinthisarea.In2016,everynewcarhasthepotentialtobea“connectedcar”asinfotainmentservicesandsoftwareupdatesareprovidedviatheInternet,andincreasing1“Connectedcar”hasbecomeoneofthebuzzwordsofthelastfewyearsasthepotentialforcombiningtheautomotiveandICTindustriesbecomesclearer.It’simportanttounderstandwhatthecarcanbeconnectedto,andhowthesedifferentconnectionsancreateopportunitiesforservicesandapplications.numbersofvehiclesarebeingfittedwithlanechanging,assistedbrakingandcruisecontrolsystems.Tesla’sAutopilotfeature,currentlyinbetamode,alreadyprovidesalimitedamountofhands-freedrivingandisbeingcontinuouslyrefinedwithover-the-airupdates.Between2015and2020nearly184millionnewconnectedcarswillbeproduced,accordingtoanalystcompanyGartner.Theindustryconsensusisthatwestillhavesomewaytogobeforeweseemassproductionoradoptionofautonomouscars,butthatthetechnologicaldevelopmentsavailabletodaywillmoveusclosertothatobjective.Theself-drivingmarketisexpectedtoreachcriticalmasswithin15to20years.Bytheendof2035,76millioncarswillbeincirculationworldwide.Connectedandself-drivingvehicleswillhaveaprofoundimpactonmanyindustries,particularlyinautomotive,telecoms,logisticsandinsurance.Themoreintelligentcarsbecome,thegreatertheneedthereisforthemtoincorporatecellularconnectivityasstandard.AreportfromAlliedMarketResearchsuggeststhattheglobalconnectedcarmarketmaygeneraterevenuesof$141bnintotalby2020.Thispaperlooksatsomeexampleconnectedcarapplications,andthenetworksthatwillenablethem–now,inthenextfiveyears,andfurtherintothefuture.234590s2030s2000s2015s2020sWIRED/WIRELESSFORRSUCOMMROADSIDECOMMWiredorWirelesscommunicationforinfrastructure2G/3G/4GCELLULARTELEMATICSInfotainment,Onlinenavigation,E-callcommunicationandDiagnostics802.11PLTE-V2X(4.5G)SAFETYDRIVINGV2V,V2I,V2P(V2X)communicationfordriverassistanceandpartialautomation5GCOMFORTDRIVINGFullautomation.Achievevehicle/road/environmentharmonyCONNECTEDCARTECHNOLOGYEVOLUTION1KEYDATA2,500INVENTIONSBetween2010and2015,over2,500inventionsrelatingtoV2X(vehicle-to-everything)technologieswerefiled,whileafurther22,000patentsrelatingtoself-drivingcarswerealsosubmittedduringthesameperiod184MILLIONCARSBetween2015and2020,nearly184millionconnectedcarswillbeproduced,accordingtoanalystcompanyGartner141BILLIONAreportfromAlliedMarketResearchsuggeststhattheglobalconnectedcarmarketmaygeneraterevenuesof$141bnintotalby2020$76MILLIONTheself-drivingmarketisexpectedtoreachcriticalmasswithin15to20years.Bytheendof2035,76millioncarswillbeincirculationworldwide4,000GBSomeestimatessuggestthatby2020,eachindividualconnectedcarwillgenerateupwardsof4,000GBofdataperday270NETWORKSCommercialdeploymentsof5Gareexpectedtobegininthenextfiveyears,andby2025,approximately270networksworldwideareexpectedtohavefull5Gcapabilities2CONNECTEDCARAPPLICATIONSPART1Thereareverymanyconnectedcarapplications,butitishelpfultolookatsomeexamplesandassessthedemandsthatwillplaceoncommunicationsnetworks.Anearlyusecaseisinfotainment:connectiondirectlytothecarcanovercomesomelimitationsofusingsmartphonesinvehicles,suchastheshieldingofthemetalstructureinhibitingnetworkperformance.AnintegratedLTEmodulewithanactiveantennacansignificantlyimprovetheuserexperience.Lookingbeyondtheprovisionofinfotainment,thereareothertypesofusecasesrequiringadvancedmobileconnections,illustratedinthetable.USECASEDESCRIPTIONNETWORKREQUIREMENTSCooperativeDrivingPlatooningCommunicationOrientedAssumption:Speed=144km/h,Trajectorytolerance=40cm(longitudinal),10cm(lateral),Positioningaccuracy=2cm(Differential-GPS