经典英语名词性从句

名词性从句在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。种类作用常用关联词例句主语从句在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之前，也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后that,whether,if,asif,asthough,who,whose,which,how,when,where,why,what,whatever,whoever,whereverWhetherhewillcomeornotdoesn’tmattermuch.Whoevercomesherewillbewelcome.表语从句在复合句中做表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.宾语从句在复合句中做宾语，相当于名词Heaskedmewhichteamcouldwinthegame.同位语从句放在名词之后(news,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,thought,hope,fact等)表明其具体内容Youhavenoideahowworriedweare.Thefactthatheliedagaingreatlysurprisedus.主语从句(subjectclauses)在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever；关系副词：when,where,how,why,however,whenever,wherever等。Thatyoudon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.你不喜欢她不管我的事。Whathesaidistrue.他说的是真的。Doyourememberhowhearrivedalmostattheendoftheparty?你记得他几乎是在宴会快结束时才到的吗？Thisparty'sreallywhereit'sat,man!啊，这个晚会真棒！Tellushowyoufulfilledtheheavytaskaheadofschedule.告诉我们,你们是怎样提前完成这一艰巨任务的。Wehavereasontobelievethatthefightingonthebordermaydevelopintoafull-blownwar.(喻)我们有理由相信边境上的冲突可能发展成一场全面战争。Hesaidthathewouldcome.他说他要来。Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。表语从句用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、asthough(if)；关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等；关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be,look,remain,seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.困难是我们资金短缺。ThatiswhystonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEnglandfields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn'tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。宾语从句(objectclauses)用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由从属连词thatwhether、if，关系代词what,who,whose,which和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。Hesaidhewantedtogototown.他说他想去城里。Ihopeyou'llbebettersoon.我希望你能很快好起来。I’msogladthatyouwereabletocometothisparty.你能设法抽空出席这个交际会，我很高兴。IknownothingaboutitexceptwhatIhavereadinthepapers.除了在报上读到的以外,我对这件事一无所知。MostoftheChinesepeopleusuallygotoworkonthebikeexceptwhenitrains.除了雨天,大多数中国人一般都骑自行车上班。Heaskedmewhethershewascoming.他问我，她来还是不来。同位语从句用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning,instruction，reason，information,question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what,which,who,以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。Itisafactthatsmokingisadangertohealth.吸烟危害健康，这是事实。Ihavenoideawhatyoumean.我一点儿也不明白你的意思。Hemadethesuggestionthatwegobytrain.他建议我们坐火车去。Thereisnodoubtthatheisguilty.毫无疑问，他是有罪的。一、考点聚焦1、名词性从句中连接词的运用名词性从句中的连接词有连词that/whether/asif，连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。（1）that的用法。①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwineEveryoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…（B）Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...（C）Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…（D）Itseems/happensthat。如：IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.④that和what的区别。that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词即常说的先行词+that。如：It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.（定语从句）（2）whether和if的用法。①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如：Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.④whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如：Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。如：Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.（3）疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,