英美报刊阅读-1

2020/8/15英美报刊阅读1英美报刊阅读ReadingCourseinAmerican&BritishNewsPublications/JournalisticEnglish龚茜2020/8/15英美报刊阅读2课程描述•“英美报刊阅读”课程是按照教育部高教司所颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》为基础较好、学有余力的Level2和Level3学生设置的，是为实现大学英语教学性质和目标所开设的一门课程。•《大学英语课程教学要求》把是否能读懂英美报刊杂志作为衡量较高层次和更高层次学生的阅读理解能力的标准。［较高要求的英语阅读能力要求：能基本阅读英语国家报刊杂志的一般性题材的文章，阅读速度为每分钟80词；能读懂有一定2020/8/15英美报刊阅读3难度的文章，理解其意义，借助词典能阅读英语原版书籍和英语国家报刊杂志上的文章。］因此，对于拥有一定词汇和基本语法的学生来说，读懂英语报刊不仅是验证语言能力高低的一种手段，也是提高英语阅读能力和了解外界信息的手段，同时还是将英语语言知识与应用技能、学习策略和跨文化交际知识结合的主要途径。2020/8/15英美报刊阅读4•Whatisnews?Whataresomecategoriesofnews?•Whichtoread?•Whatarethefiveelementsofnews?Howaretheypresentedinanewsstory课程导入(IntroductoryQuestions)2020/8/15英美报刊阅读5Newsisthereportoffactsaboutwhatishappening•Newsvaluedeterminers/determinants:•Timeliness&freshness:newlyhappening,unknownbythegeneralpublic---thelatestintimeandnewincontent;“new”•Importance,consequence,impactorsignificance:theissueiscloselyrelatedtocurrentsociallifeandthepublicinterests:2020/8/15英美报刊阅读6•Adefinitionofnewsisratherelusive.Thestockanswersareeasy:newsiswhenmanbitesdog;newsissomethingpeoplehaven’theardbefore;newsiswhateditorsandreporterssayitis.•Therearedifferentcategoriesofnewsbasedondifferentstandards.Newscanbeinternational,national,metroaccordingtothelocalityandregionswherenewshappens;newscanbepolitical,economic,sports,social,etc.accordingtothenatureofnews.2020/8/15英美报刊阅读7消息的基本结构•Useconcisewordstoreportevents/newsfacts•Basicelementsofnews:5whs+how•Basicstructure:title+lead+body•ButWritingstyleisflexible:InvertedPyramidStyle(倒金字塔结构)---PyramidStyle（金字塔结构）---MixedFormofInvertedPyramidandPyramidStyles（倒叙—顺叙混合结构）2020/8/15英美报刊阅读8•1.InvertedPyramidStyle(倒金字塔结构)---alsocalledflashback•THELEADOFFERSTHEMOSTESSENTIALELEMENTSTELLINGWHOWHATWHENWHEREWHYANDHOWOFTHESTORY•Thesecondparagraphhaslessimportantinformationandbeginstofillindetailsaboutthelead.Laterparagraphscontainstilllessimportantinformation.Thiswayofframinganewsstoryiscalledthe“invertedpyramid”Newsstoriesarepackagedinthesestandardmoldsforaverygoodreason.2020/8/15英美报刊阅读9Eg:1992,7,31afternoon,aairlinercrash•Refertoworddoc.2020/8/15英美报刊阅读10•PyramidStyle（金字塔结构):usedtowritecomplex/complicatedemotionalnewseventorstoryaimedtoachievesuspenseandinterest(usedtowritesoftnews)•Sometimesanewsstoryisverycomplex•Format:writteninthechronologicalstyle•Withtheclimaxattheend/beginning+body+ending不意味着事无巨细记流水账、需要概括力、抓住从一个阶段过渡到另一阶段的转折点或波峰来写。•Eg.PetDeerKillerFined$4002020/8/15英美报刊阅读11•MixedFormofInvertedPyramidandPyramidStyles（倒叙—顺叙混合结构）：crownedwithasocalled“invertedpyramid”summarylead----firstprovidetheoutlineofnewsevent,thenwriteaccordingtothenaturalsequenceofnewsevents归纳性导语+精彩的结尾—powerful,appealing•Eg.Policehurtinstreetviolence2020/8/15英美报刊阅读12•Thereareusuallyfivebasicelementsinnews:who,what,why,whenandwhere,whichthepublicismostlyconcernedof,andwhichthereporterssticktoinwritingthenews.Anadditionalelementmaybe“how”,whichgivespeoplesomedetailedinformationabouttheprocessoftheevent.2020/8/15英美报刊阅读13•Newspapersarepublicationsusuallyissuedonadailyorweeklybasis,themainfunctionofwhichistoreportthenews.Newspapersalsoprovidecommentaryonthenews,advocatevariouspublicpolicies,furnishspecialinformationandadvicetoreaders,andsometimesincludefeaturessuchascomicstrips,cartoons,andserializedbooks.Innearlyallcasesandinvaryingdegrees,theydependonthepublicationofcommercialadvertisingfortheirincome.Despitethedevelopmentofcinema,radiobroadcasting,andtelevisioninthe20thcentury,newspapersremainamajorsourceofinformation.PartOne:TheNewspaper2020/8/15英美报刊阅读14•NewspapersinBritain:•nationalandlocalnewspapers:11national&manylocal(bedividedintoseriouspapers’theQUALITYPAPERS/broadsheet’&theTABLOIDS’GUTTERPRESS’)•Nationalpapersgenerallygiveinformationaboutfilms,concerts,andothereventshappeninginLondon/Localnewspapersgiveinformationaboutfilms,concerts,andotherthingshappeningintheneighborhood,including,e.g.infoabutlocalpeoplewhohavebeenmarriedordiedrecently.BackgroundKnowledge:NewspapersinBritainandtheUs2020/8/15英美报刊阅读15•Politics:mostnationalnewspapersinBritainexpressapoliticalopinionandpeoplechoosethenewspaperthattheyreadaccordingtotheirownpoliticalbeliefs.MostnewspapersareRIGHTWING.ThesearetheDailyTelegraph(seriousnewspaper),theDailyExpress,DailyMail,DailyStar,theSunandToday(alltabloids)•Right-wing:TheTimes;•Left-wing:theGuardian,TheDailyMirror(tabloid);•thecenter:theFinancialTimes2020/8/15英美报刊阅读16•DailyandSundaynewspapers:dailynewspaperspublishedoneverydayoftheweekexceptSunday;AllSundaynewspapersarenationalincludingbothseriousandgutterpapers/largerthandailyoftenhaving2or3sections/thereisalsoamagazinecalledtheCOLOURSUPPLEMENT.2020/8/15英美报刊阅读17•DailyandSundaynewspapers:dailynewspaperspublishedoneverydayoftheweekexceptSunday;AllSundaynewspapersarenationalincludingbothseriousandgutterpapers/largerthandailyoftenhaving2or3sections/thereisalsoamagazinecalledtheCOLOURSUPPLEMENT.2020/8/15英美报刊阅读18•1.TheTimes《泰晤士报》•2.TheDailyTelegraph《每日电讯报》•3.TheObserver《观察家报》（1993年4月被(TheGuardian)吞并）•4.TheFinancialTimes《金融时报》•5.TheGuardian《卫报》•6.TheEconomist《经济学家》•7.DailyMirror《每日镜报》•8.TheSun《太阳报》20