2019中考专项语法定语从句

1定语从句专项第1节定语从句的先行词和关系词一、定语从句的先行词被定语从句修饰的成分叫__________。定语从句的先行词主要是指______,______,______,_____,及______________或________,有时也可以是____________。＊Doyouknowthegirl_______issingingonthestage?二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的词叫作__________。关系词不仅在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，而且在从句中充当一定的成分。关系词分为____________和___________。关系词在句子中的指代作用及所作成分如下：关系词所修饰的先行词关系词在从句中所作成分关系代词whowhomthatwhosewhich关系副词whenwherewhy练习题：1.Theman_______hasanumbrellainhishandismyuncle.先行词先行词________在从句中作_______22.Thetrain______hasjustleftisforShenzhen.3.Let’sfindaplace_______wecanhaveapicnic.第2节关系词的用法一、关系代词的用法关系代词在句中代替指人或事物的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有_______,________,_______,________,________等。1.who/whom的用法who／whom都用于指人。who在定语从句中作______、_______，whom在定语从句中作________。作宾语的关系代词_______,________可以省略（介词后作语的关系代词除外）。练习题：①—WeareproudofMoYan.—Yes.Heisagreatwriter______wontheNoblePrizeinLiteraturein2012.②—Theman______/_______youlookedforyesterdayhasalreadycome.③Weshouldlookuptothosescientists________sentTianzhou-1CargoSpaceship(天舟一号货运飞船)tospace.④Thepersonto_______youjusttalkedisDeep.＊注意：who有时可以代替whom作宾语，但whom在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前面时，不能用who。还有what不能引导定语从句。2.that的用法that既可以指______,也可以指_______，在定语从句中作_______、_______或_______。作宾语时可以省略。先行词关系代词先行词关系副词3练习题：①Weneedaperson______isrightforthejob.②Thepicture_______wearestudyingwasdrawnbyafifteen-year-oldstudent.③Mrs.Evansisthepersonto_______youshouldwrite.＊注意：that作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，若介词提前，指物用which，指人用whom。④Congratulationstoourwinnersandthankstoeveryone_______enteredthecompetition．＊注意：先行词是指人的不定代词或指示代词，如one,all,nobody,none,those等时，关系代词只能用who不能用that。3.which的用法which用于指_____，在从句中作______,_______或______。作宾语,且不直接跟在介词后时，which可以省略。练习题：①Thetree_______isinfrontofmyhouseismorethantenyearsold.②Thestory_______hetoldwasverypopular.③Thehouse__________Iusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop.4.whose的用法whose可以指______也可以指______，在定语从句中作________。练习题：①Heisaman_______opinionIrespect.②I’dlikearoom_______windowlooksoutoverthesea.③Helivesinahouse_______windowsfacesouth.＊注意：用来指物时，“whose+名词”可用“限定词+名词+ofwhich”或者“ofwhich+限定词+4名词”来代替。二、关系副词的用法关系副词代替表示______,_______,______的先行词，并在从句中作_________,________和_________，不能省略。1．when的用法when指_______，在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为_____,______,______等表示时间的名词。此时常可用__________,__________,___________等替代。练习题：①Istillremembertheday_______Ifirsttravelledbyplane.＊注意：先行词表示时间，关系词在从句中做主语或宾语时，关系词不能用when。2.why的用法why指_______，在定语从句中作________。它的先行词通常为_______。此时常可用_______代替。（1）Pleasetellmethereaon_________sheiscryingsobadly.3.Where的用法Where指_________,在定语从句中作_____________.它的先行词通常为____________________。此时常可用____________,_____________代替。(1)Istillrememberthevillage_________welivedlastyear.三，关系代词和关系副词的选用。1.根据定语从句中的谓语动词判断：一般情况下，定语从句的谓语动词如果是及物动词，后面没有宾语时就用关系代词；从句的谓语如果是不及物动词，则用关系副词。（1）Thisisthefactory______________Ivisitedlastyear.（2）Thisisthefactory__________heusedtowork.2.根据定语从句中所缺少的成分判断：如果缺少主语，宾语，表语，定语，则用关系代词；5如果缺少状语，则用关系副词。（1）Isthisthemuseum_______________youvisitedafewdaysago?（2）Isthisthemuseum___________theexhibitionwasheld?第3节定语从句注意事项一，只用that不用which的情况。1，先行词是不定代词或者被不定代词修饰时先行词是anything,everything,nothing,few,all,little,some等,或者由every,any,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时，关系代词用that不用which.(1)Haveyoutakendowneverything________Mr.Lihassaid?(2)Anyman_______doesn’thaveasenceofdutycan’tdothethingwell.2,先行词是序数词或者形容词最高级或被其修饰时，关系代词用that不用which(1)Thefirstthing_______mybrotherisgoingtodothisafternoonistostudyphysics.(2)Ihavefoundthebestway_______couldfinishthetest.3,先行词既有之人的名词，也有指物的名词时，关系代词用that不用which(1)Jacktookphotographsofthethingsandpeople_________hewasinterstedin.4,先行词被theonly,thelast,thevery等修饰时，关系代词用that不用which(1)Thisistheverydictionary_______Iwanttobuy.(2)Basketballistheonlything_______interestshim.5,当主语是以who或者which开头的特殊疑问词时，关系代词用that不用which(1)Whoistheperpon_____isstandingatthegate?(2)Whichisthebicycle________youboughtlastmonth?二，只用which不用that的情况。1，先行词本身就是that时6(1)Idon’tlikethat______hedid.(2)Whatisthat______isontheground?2,关系代词前有介词且指事物时(1)I’mlookingforacontainerin_______Icanputallthesepeaches.(2)Azooisaparkin_______manykindsofannimalsarekeptforexhibition.3,引导非限制性定语从句时非限制定语从句主要起补充说明的作用，往往用逗号与先行词隔开，去掉后面不影响主句的意义。Football,___________isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.三，定语从句主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致是指关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式要与先行词一致的问题。先行词时单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词时复数时，从句的谓语动词是复数。(1)Themanwho______playingfootballismyPEteacher.(2)Ilovesingerwho_________theirownmusic.(3)Tomisoneofthestudentswho______awarded.(4)Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____awarded.注意：oneof+复数可数名词，充当先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；theonly/very/rightoneof+复数可数名词，充当先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。四，“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代词之前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，该结构中的关系代词可用which,whose和whom,不可以用that和who.该结构中的介词可以根据定语从句中的位于搭配，与先行词的搭配或者句子意义来确定。(1)Thisisthehouse_____________Ispoke.7(2)Thisisthecamera___________heoftentakesphotos.(3)Thisisthepilot______________mysonwassaved.(4)Itisthebook_______shewaslookingfor.(5)Thebabies______thenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.注意：有些“动词+介词”短语，如：lookfor,lookafter,callon等不可拆开，不可把介词置于关系代词之前。错题及真题锦集：（）1.I’llneverforgetthedays________IjoinedtheLeague.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.\（）2.Isthistheplace______yourfatheroncelived?A.whereB.whichC.thatD.w