情态动词+完成时

情态动词+完成时（modalverbs+have+pastparticiple）情态动词和动词原型连用，表示对目前或将来情况的看法或态度情态动词和完成时连用时，表示对过去情况的看法或态度。1.should+have+过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”，实际上是说话人在表达责备，抱怨或遗憾的意思。Weshouldhavecutawaythejunglebush.我们本应该把丛林的灌木砍掉。HowIregrettedthedayswhenIhadplayedandshouldhavestudied.我多么懊悔我把本应该好好学习的日子都玩掉了。shouldn’t+have+过去分词表示过去“本不应该┅”而实际上做了的动作。Youshouldn’thavetoldanyoneaboutit.你本来不应该告诉任何人。Theyshouldn’thaveleftsosoon.他们本来不应该去得那么早。2.oughtto+have+过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”，相当于“should+have+过去分词”Yououghttohavehelpedhim.你本应该帮他一把。Yououghttohavereturnedthesebookstotheschoollibrarylastweek.上周你就应该把这些书还给学校图书室。否定形式oughtn’tto+have+过去分词=shouldn’t+have+过去分词eg.Yououghtn’ttohavetakenhisumbrellaaway.你不该把他的伞拿走。Heoughtn’ttohavebeenthere.他本不应该到那去。3.must+have+过去分词表示对过去情况的推测，译成“当时一定；想必已经；当时可能”。WhatachallengeImusthavebeentothisyoungteacher.对这位年轻教师来说，教我这样的学生当时一定是个巨大的挑战。Sincetheditchisfullofwater,itmusthaverainedlastnight.因为沟里涨满了水，昨晚一定下过雨了。表示对过去情况的否定推测时。要用“can’t(couldn’t)+have+过去分词”，一般不用“mustn’t+have+过去分词”。Joecan’thaveleft.Isawhimjustnow.乔不可能离开了，刚才我还看见他了。Thepartycouldn’thavebeensuccessfulasyouhadhoped.舞会不可能象你希望的那样成功。“must+have+过去分词”表示对过去情况推测时，反意疑问句用have(has),有明确表示过去时间的状语（before除外）反意疑问句用did.Hemusthavefinishedhishomework,hasn’the?他准把作业做完了。对吗？Hemusthaveattendedthemeetingyesterdayevening,didn’the?他昨晚上肯定参加会议了，是吗？4.may(might)+have+过去分词表示对过去情况的推测，可用于肯定句，否定句，但不用于疑问句InreturnImayhavebeenabletoteachyoualittleaboutmedicaltechnique.作为报答，我也许教给了你们一点点医疗技术。Mighthehavebeencaughtandkilled?他有可能被抓住杀掉了吗？might+have+过去分词也能表示对过去的事情的可能性的推测，有“本应该┅”，含有婉转责备的意思。YoumighthavelistenedtomewhileIwastalkingtoyou.我对你讲话时，你应该认真听才对。Youmighthaveletmeknowbeforeyouwentout.外出之前，你本应该先告诉我一声。5.can(could)+have+过去分词表示对过去情况的推测。“can+have+过去分词”一般多用于疑问句和否定句，不用于肯定句。Canhehavegoneyesterday?难道他昨天就已经走了吗？Theycan’thavelostthemselvesinthewoods,becauseIdrewamaptothem.他们不可能在森林中迷路，因为我给他们画了一张画。Billcouldn’thavegonehomethisweekend.Isawhimattheschoolgroundthismorning.本周末贝尔不可能回家，今天下午我还在学校操场上看见他了。Marycan’thavegonetoschool.It’sSunday.玛丽不可能去上学，今天是星期天。在表示对过去某事的推测时，可用could/might/may+完成时。Theycould/might/mayhaveheardthenewsfromsmith.他们也许从史蜜斯那儿听到了这个消息。6.need+have+过去分词表示过去“没有必要做”，但实际做了。有责备的意思。否定形式表示“做了本不应该做”的事Youneedn’thavewokenmeupsoearly.It’sSundaytoday.你没有必要这么早就叫醒我，（因为）今天是星期天。Youneedn'thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.你本来不必浇这些花，因为天就要下雨了。Youneedn'thavetoldhimthenews;heknewitalready.你不必再告诉他这个消息，他已经知道了。Youneedn'thavewalkedup;youcouldhavetakenthelift.你没必要走着上去；你本来可以乘电梯。didn'tneedtodo（=Ididn'thaveto）的“本沒有必要做也沒有做”Ididn'tneedtogotothebank.IborrowedsomemoneyfromMary.我不必去银行--我找玛丽借了点儿钱.翻译理解以下句子：1.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.2.Youmusthavebeenmadtospeaktoananimal.3.Mr.Smithcan'thavegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.4.Marycan'thavetakenyourdictionary.Shehasgonehome.5.Thereisnolightintheroom.Cantheyhavegoneout?6.Thereisnowheretofindthem.Wherecantheyhavegone?7.Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewastoocareless.8.—WhathashappenedtoGeorge?—Idon'tknow.Hemayhavegotlost.9.Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasbusy.10.Shemighthaveachievedgreaterprogress,ifyouhadgivenhermorechances.11.Tom,youaretoolazy.Theworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.12.Look,Tomiscrying.Ishouldn'thavebeensoharshonhim.13.IoughttohavegonehomelastSunday.14.Yououghtnottohavegivenhimmorehelp.15.Ineedn'thaveboughtsomuchwine—onlyfivepeoplecame.巩固性练习：从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。1．---Youdidn’twaitforMr.Smithlastnight,didyou?---No,butwe______.Hedidn’treturnhomeatall.A.couldn’thavewaitedB.needn’thave没有必要做但实际做了C.didn’tneedto沒有必要做实际也沒有做D.shouldwait2．Harry______havewonthePhysicscompetitioneasilyyesterday,buthegaveup.A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.must3．---MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Smithatsixo’clocktonight?”---“I’msorry,Mr.Smith______toaconferencebeforethen.”A.willhavegoneB.hadgoneC.wouldhavegoneD.hasgone4.---Tomtookawaymycellphonewithoutbeingpermitted.---Really?Ican’timaginethathe_______havedonesuchathing.A.mustB.mayC.canD.should5．---WasitMarywhomadethesuggestion?---It_______havebeen.Ican’tremember.A.needB.mustC.shouldD.may6．Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.I_________thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.A.shouldhavetakenB.couldhavetakenC.needn'thavetakenD.mustn'thavetaken7．Hepaidforaseat,whenhe______haveenteredfree.A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need8．Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.She_______atthemeeting.A.mustn’thavespokenB.mightn’thavespokenC.can’thavespokenD.shouldn’thavespoken9．---Hi,isthatPeterBrown?---Sorry.You______thewrongnumber.A.mustdialB.musthavedialedC.shoulddialD.shouldhavedialed10．Iwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They______atleast150kilometersanhour.A.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeendoingC.couldhavedoneD.wouldhavedone11.Heisnotpoor.You____havelenthimthemoney.A.can’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t12.Therewasplentyoftime.You___havehurried.A.won’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.couldn’t13.I____hereintime,butImetanoldfriendofmine.Istoppedandtalkedwithhimforsometime.A.shouldn’thavecomeB.musthavecomeC.needn’thavecomeD.couldhavecome14.They____havefinishedtheworkyesterday,butitwasraininghard.A.mustB.couldC.shouldD.might15.Hewassenttohospital.Something_______tohim.A.musthappenB.shouldhave