高三一轮复习专题三大从句复习(课堂PPT)

1三大从句夏津一中：唐庆超一轮复习语法专练2一、从句概述•从句只能做主句的某一部分,依附于主句而存在,不能独立。•从句也具有句子的特征，即有自己的主谓结构；而且带有引导词。•根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、形容词性（定语）从句和副词性（状语）从句三类。3二、从句三要素•例句：HeistheboythatIamlookingfor.•请大家概括一下从句的三要素：•1、完整的主谓关系•2、恰当的连接词•3、陈述语序4（一）、名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其关联词有连词that,if,whether；连接代词what,who,which和连接副词when,where,why,how等。从句连接词主语从句宾语从句介词后宾语从句表语从句同位语从句thatwhetherifWh-词（含how)带后缀－ever的词5(二)连接词的分类及用法1.连词：that、whether、if◆用法：只连从句，不做成分，that作宾语时经常省略。◆例句：他明天要来这件事是真的。我不知道会议明天能否准时召开。6◆为保持句子平衡，that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语而把真正的主语从句后置。主要有以下几种情况。例句：1、难怪他不饿呢，他吃糖吃了一整天了。Itisnowonderthatheisnothungry;hehasbeeneatingsweetsallday.2、据报道，中国又发射了一颗人造卫星。ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madesatellite.3、明天他来不来这里没关系。Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhewillcomehereornottomorrow.4、我突然想到昨天我忘记锁门了。ItsuddenlyoccurredtomethatIhadforgottentolockthedooryesterday.7◆Whether和if的用法区别A：主语从句B：表语从句C：同位语从句D：介词的宾语从句E：ornot或直接跟不定式（todo)82．连接代词：who,whom,whose,what,which。◆用法：既连接从句，又在从句中做成分。（主、宾、表、定）◆例句：他现在最需要的是你的陪伴。Whatheneedsmostisyourcompany.我不知道明年我会考上那所大学，但我保证我一定不会放弃的。Idon’tknowwhichcollegeIwillgotonextyear,butIguaranteethatIwillnevergiveup.◆what和which的区别。93．连接副词：where,when,why,how◆用法：既连接从句，又在从句中做状语。◆例句：我不知道我们会在哪儿开会。Idon’tknowwherewearegoingtohavethemeeting.我急于想知道的是我们什么时候去参观博物馆。WhatI’manxioustoknowiswhenwecanvisitthemuseum.10(二）定语从句复习1.定语从句类型限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句2.定语从句关系词关系代词6个关系副词3个关系代词thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas关系副词whenwherewhy11怎样判断一个从句是不是定语从句概念：定语从句又叫形容词性从句，即一个句子修饰一个名词的结构Theboywhogotinjuredintheaccidentwassenttohospitalimmediately判断以下句子是不是定语从句并选择Iadviseyoutocancel___isunnecessary.Herememberedtheweekends____heclimbedmountains.Wetookapicture_____thereisatower.A.WhatB.whenC.thatD.whereE.which12考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词?131.I’llneverforgetthedays________________weworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace__________Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason___________________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_______________hegave.when/inwhichWhich/that/省略where/inwhichwhy/forwhichthat/whichVt.Vt.Vt.Which/that/省略①当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时a.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.b.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.考点二：只用that不用which②先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时：I’vereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。1.Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.2.Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.16④先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.⑤当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who(whom)和which引导。如：Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools（that）hehadvisited.17用which不用that1.非限定性地语从句2.在介词加关系代词中181)Doyouhaveanything______youdon’tunderstand?2)Theonlything_____wecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.3)Whoistheman_____isstandingthere?4)Sheheardaterriblenoise，______broughtherheartintohermouth.thatthatthatwhich练一练：that与which19填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.Theway_________________heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.2.Theway_________________heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.that/which/不填that/inwhich/不填缺宾语考点三：theway用做先行词缺少主语或宾语:引导词用that/which/不填(缺宾语时)主语宾语都不缺:引导词用that/inwhich/不填203.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_____hesaidit.（湖北）A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich高考题链接：21试一试介词加关系代词1.Doyouknowtheboy________yourmotheristalking?2.Istillremembertheday_______IfirstgottoParis.3.Hegavemesomenovels___________Iamnotveryfamiliar.towhomwithwhichonwhich22考点四：介词+关系词定语从句句首为介词时,后可接的关系词为:介词+whom/which/whosee.g.Irecognizedthebossincompanymysisterwasworking.总结whose23介词的选用原则1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。如：①Thisisthecamera________Ispent6yuan.②Thisisthecamera_________Ipaid6yuan.spendmoneyonsth.为固定搭配paymoneyforsth.为固定搭配onwhichforwhich242)根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如：①Iremembertheday_______Icametomytowerofivory.②Irememberthedays__________IvisitedParis.强调在具体某一天要用介词on强调在某几天时间内要用介词duringonwhichduringwhich253)根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。Isthatthenewspaper_________youoftenwritearticles?forwhich263.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.As难点一：as的用法as\that\which1.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanliftit.asthat归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such,thesame,so,as修饰，即构成such…as,thesame…as,so…as,结构，as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。27注意as与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，Theearthisround,_________isknowntoall._____isknowntoall,theearthisround.which/asAs281.I’vecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。难点二：一些特殊词之后的where解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。291.Wearetryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.（山东）A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when2.---Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?---Yes,there’sonepoint____wemustinsiston.（江西）A.whyB.whereC.howD./比较一下：不缺成分用where缺宾语用that/which/不填301.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_____hegrewupasachild.(NMET)A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when312.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.(NMET)A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where323.①____isreported,thestormwilllastforalongtime.②______isreportedisthatthestormwilllastf