高中定语从句基础讲解

GrammarWhatisAttribute?①Heisanhonestboy.②Weloveourcountry.定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.Themandrivingtoofastwasadrunk.定语从句(定义)在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。例：ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisKate.Themanwhowasdrivingtoofastwasadrunk.WhichoneisHarryPorter?TheboyisHarryPorterWhichoneisHarryPorter?Theboy_______________________isHarryPorter.whoiswearingglasses定语从句语法讲解定语从句（theattributiveclause）☆被定语从句限定的词是_______，引导定语从句的词叫做________或_________。☆关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接（连接定语从句和主句）、替代（替代前面的先行词）、成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）。“先行词”“关系代词”“关系副词”先行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.关系代词关系副词which/that/whose/aswho/whom地点：where时间：when原因：whyRelativepronoun关系代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhoserelativeadverb关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereason时间状语地点状语原因状语1.如何选用定语从句的关系词1.首先分清主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。Thebuildingisourschool.+Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.=Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsbytheriverisourschool.先行词关系词从句which、that是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词thebuilding,同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起来。Thewomanthat/whoisspeakingatthemeetingismymother.(主句)Thewomanismymother(从句)Thewomanisspeakingatthemeeting.{主语是单数}Haveatry指出关系代词在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语2.关系代词的用法注意点(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下7种情况只能用that不能用which。①当先行词中有人又有物时。如：Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?②当先行词为不定代词all,one,（a)few,(a)little,much,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如：ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool.③当先行词被all,any,no,much,little,few,every等限定词修饰时，如：Weheardclealyeverywordthathesaid.④当先行词被theonly,thevery,thenext,theright,thelast等修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.⑤当先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.6.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.7.当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：Whichofthetwocowsthatyoukeepproducesmoremilk?1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_____yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itExercise:4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?A.itB./C.whichD.that6.Whichwasthehotel_____wasrecommendedtoyou?A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面情况，多用who。①先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.Anyonewhobreaksthelawispunished.②先行词为those,he和people时。如：Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点:①whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，与名词构成所属关系。②whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：Thebossinwhosedepartmentheworkedhadheardthenews.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。类别意义功能形式关系代词限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。修饰先行词修饰先行词/整个句子无逗号隔开有逗号与主句隔开1.有that无that限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别2.作宾语时可以省略不可以省略关系代词指代整个主句内容。Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.Ihaveason,whoisadocotor.关系代词指代整个前面单个名词。主谓一致关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhands.Tomisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacheryesterday.1).a.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesof_______wereblackwithdisease.b.Isawsometrees,theleavesof______wereblackwithdisease.2).a.Theprofessorisalittleman,onthenoseof______thereisapairofglasses.b.Theprofessorisalittleman,andonthenoseof______thereisapairofglasses解题点拨:是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。themwhomwhichhim____易混句型定语从句与并列句