英语构词法总结

构词法前缀：通常改变词义后缀：通常改变词性a-:amoral不道德的apathy无情dis:dishonest,disappear,disloyal,disorderin/ir/il/im:incorrectinjusticeimpossibleillegalirregularnon:non-scientistnon-smokernon-stopun:unhappy,unreal,unofficial,unfair3）贬义前缀mal-,mis-,pseudo-(伪…,假…)maltreat，malfunction机能失常，malnutritionmislead,misinform,misfortunepseudoscientific,pseudo-realismwell:well-known,well-informed5)表示态度或倾向的前缀anti-(反对，防止)：antiwar,antiaircraft防空袭的contra-(反对，相反)：contradict,contra-dancecounter-(反对，相反)：counteraction反作用pro-(亲，赞成)：pro-American,pro-slavery6)表示时间或顺序ex-表示前任的，从前的：ex-wife,ex-presidentfore-前，先：forefather,forethought深谋远虑post-后的：post-war,postgraduatepre-前的：pre-war,prematurere-再：remarriage,reconsider7)表示地点的前缀extra-以外的：extra-official,extralegalfore-在前边:forehead,forefather,foretellinter-在…之间:international,interschooltele-远距离的:telecommunication,telescopetrans-穿越:transplantin-内,里:inside,inland,invadesuper-在…之上:superstructure上层建筑8)表数字的前缀uni-（统一的）：uniform,unisex(男女皆宜的)mono-(单一):monologue,monoxide一氧化碳bi-(二个):bicycle,bi-lingualdi-(双倍的，两重的):dialogue,dioxide二氧化碳multi-(多的)：multimediasemi-（半的）semiautomatic半自动的hemi-(半的):hemisphere半球tri-(三个)：triangle,tricolor三色旗centi-(百分之一)：centimeter厘米，centigram厘克有些前缀可改变词性a-,be-,en/em-asleep,awakebefriend,belovedenforce,enable,endanger,encourage,enrich,enlarge常用后缀1.1.指人的后缀-eer:engineer,pioneer,volunteer-er/or:singer,teacher,visitor,actor-ess:actress,hostess-ster:youngster,gangster-an,ian,ese国家的人：Australian,American-ant,ent:assistant,applicant,dependant-ician:electrician,technician-ist:scientist,communist,typist,chemist-ism:socialism,realism2.名词的后缀-age,-al,-ion/-sion/-ation/-tion,-dom,-hood,-ity,-ment,-ness,-ship,-th,-ty,-ure,-ics,-logy3.形容词的后缀名词变形容词：-ed,-ful,-ish,-less,-like,-ly,-y,-c,-ous动词变形容词：-able/ible:arguable,permissible-tive/sive:talkative,decisive4.副词的后缀－ly,-ward/wards5.动词的后缀-ate:attribute,calculate-en:blacken,redden,broaden,deepen-ify:beautify,certify,modify-ize/ise:analyze,modernize名词可数名词的复数形式：1.1.－s2.2.以s,x,ch,sh,+es3.3.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i+es.4.4.o+es:heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoesa.以两个元音结尾的，+s例如：bamboo,zoo,radio,studio,shampoob.外来词+s：photo,piano,kilo,tobacco,memo,auto5.以f/fe结尾的，变f/fe为ve,+sleaf,wife,knife,half,thief,wolf,shelf,life有的直接+sroof,cliff,proof,chief,gulf,belief6.不规则man-menwoman-womentooth-teethfoot-feetchild-childrengoose-geesemouse-miceox-oxena.外来词（仍保持原有复数形式）phenomenon-phenomenacriterion-criteriaformula-formulaethesis-thesesbasis-basesanalysis-analysescrisis-crisesmedium-mediacurriculum-curriculab.单复同形Chinese,Japanese,aircraft,sheep,deer,swine猪，means,series,shark7.合成的名词，只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数lookers-on,runners-up亚军，sons-in-law,grandchildren如没有主体名词，在最后一词后+复数词尾drawbacks缺陷由man,woman构成的合成名词，里面所有的成份+复数men-servantswomendoctors8.有些名词常以复数出现a.scissors,trousers,pants,shorts,shoes,spectacles,glassesb.以ing结尾的：belongings,surroundings,doings,savings,findings,earnings,stockingsc.contents目录，arms武器,statistics统计资料，fireworks,thanks,clothes,valuables,headquartersd.有些名词在词组takepainstodo,makepreparations,makearrangements,giveregardsto,beatoddswith与…不和，giverespectsto,beinhighspirits9.有些不可数名词，有时也可用复数。experiences,failures,hopesandfears10.与数词连用的名词，复数仍保持单数形式。twodozeneggs,twohundredpeople11.以-s结尾的学科、疾病，谓语动词用单数。economics,electronics,mathematics,physics,politics,measles麻疹12.集体名词既可被视为单数，也可视为复数Myfamilyisabigone.Myfamilyareinterestedintraveling.