高中化学选修5化学方程式总汇

1有机化学方程式（选修五）烷烃（甲烷为例）1．CH4＋Cl2CH3Cl＋HCl….2．CnH2n+2＋(3n＋1)/2O2nCO2＋(n＋1)H2O烯烃（乙烯为例）1．CH2=CH2＋Br2→CH2Br—CH2Br2．CH2=CH2＋H2OCH3CH2OH3．CH2=CH2＋HClCH3CH2Cl4．CH2=CH2＋H2CH3—CH35．nCH2=CH2[CH2—CH2]n6．CnH2n＋3n/2O2nCO2＋nH2O炔烃（乙炔为例）1．CH≡CH＋2H2CH3—CH32．CH≡CH＋HClCH2=CHCl3.CH≡CH＋Br2→CHBr=CHBr4．CH≡CH＋2Br2→CHBr2—CHBr25．nCH2=CHCl[CH2—CH]n苯1．＋HNO3—NO2＋H2O2．＋Br2(液溴)—Br＋HBr3．＋3H2苯的同系物（甲苯为例）催化剂催化剂催化剂点燃光照点燃催化剂浓硫酸55～60℃催化剂△催化剂△催化剂△催化剂△FeCl3Cl21．＋3HNO3＋3H2O2、卤代烃（溴乙烷为例）1．CH3CH2Br＋NaOHCH3CH2OH＋NaBr2．CH3CH2Br＋NaOHCH2=CH2↑＋NaBr＋H2O醇1．2CH3CH2OH＋2Na→2CH3CH2ONa＋H2↑2．CH3CH2OH＋HBrCH3CH2Br＋H2O3．CH3CH2OHCH2=CH2↑＋H2O4．2CH3CH2OHCH3CH2—O—CH2CH3＋H2O5．2CH3CH2OH＋O22CH3CHO＋2H2O6．2CH3CH(OH)CH3＋O22CH3COCH3＋H2O7.C(CH3)3OH＋O2很难被氧化酚（苯酚为例）1．2＋2Na→2＋H2↑2．＋NaOH→＋H2O3．＋CO2＋H2O→＋NaHCO3CH3浓硫酸55～60℃CH3O2N——NO2NO2醇△浓硫酸170℃浓硫酸140℃Cu或Ag△Cu或Ag△OHONaOHONaONaOH△CH3KMnO4(H+)—COOHH2O△170℃催化剂△34．＋Na2CO3→＋NaHCO35．＋3Br2→↓＋3HBr6.溶液呈紫色醛（乙醛为例）1．CH3CHO＋H2CH3CH2OH2．2CH3CHO＋O22CH3COOH3．CH3CHO＋2[Ag(NH3)2]OHCH3COONH4＋3NH3＋H2O＋2Ag↓4．CH3CHO＋2Cu(OH)2+NaOHCH3COONa＋Cu2O↓＋3H2O羧酸酯1．CH3CHOOH＋CH3CH2OHCH3COOCH2CH3＋H2O2．CH3COOCH2CH3＋H2OCH3CHOOH＋CH3CH2OH3.CH3COOCH2CH3＋NaOH→CH3CHOONa＋CH3CH2OHOHOHBr——BrBrOHONa催化剂△催化剂△△△浓硫酸△稀硫酸△OHFeCl3溶液