[整理]过去分词与现在分词讲解及练习

过过去去分分词词与与现现在在分分词词讲讲解解及及练练习习过过去去分分词词在在时时态态上上强强调调动动作作已已经经完完成成，，在在语语态态上上侧侧重重于于被被动动；；现现在在分分词词在在时时态态上上强强调调动动作作正正在在进进行行，，在在语语态态上上侧侧重重于于主主动动。。11..分分词词作作定定语语共共同同点点：：分词作定语时，如果分词只是一个单词，那么，该分词就位于其所修饰的名词之前；如果是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。不不同同点点：：分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。Therewasaterriblenoisethesuddenburstoflight.(following)What’sthelanguageinGermany?(spoken)22..分分词词作作表表语语共共同同点点：：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。不不同同点点：：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作的一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。Thisnewssounds____.(encouraging)-Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?-Theygotvery____.(excited)33..分分词词作作宾宾语语补补足足语语共共同同点点：：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。不不同同点点：：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。Thenextmorningshefoundtheman____inbed,dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying(A)Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?-I’dliketohavethepackage____,madam.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed(D)44..分分词词作作状状语语共共同同点点：：分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。不不同同点点：：分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生谓语动词之前或同时发生。Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstied_behindhisback.Nothavingreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.1.Icannotunderstand_____suchawell-paidjob.A.himtogiveupB.himtohavegivenupC.hisgivingupD.hisbeinggivenup2.Jane’ssummervacationinEnglandledto_____anEnglishman.A.hermarryB.hertomarryC.herbeingmarriedD.hermarrying3.Shewassadbecauseof_____anychanceleft.A.therebeingnotB.therenotbeingC.nottherebeingD.therewasnot4.Ifyouthinkaletteristooslow,whynot_____atelegram?A.trytohavesentB.tryingtosendC.totrytosendD.trysending5.Thereisnochance_____himtoday.A.inseeingB.toseeingC.ofseeingD.aboutseeing6.Iknowyoulike_____.Wouldyoulike_____withmenow?A.toswim,toswimB.swimming,swimmingC.swimming,toswimD.toswim,swimming7.Before_____,themachinemustbechecked.A.beingusedB.usingitC.beingusedtoD.using8.Togiveup_____means_____.A.smoking,stoppingsmokingB.smoking,tostopsmokingC.tosmoke,tostoptosmokeD.tosmoke,stoppingtosmoke9.—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?—Oh,excellent.It’sworth_____asecondtime.A.toreadB.readingC.tobereadD.beingread10.“Whathasmadeyousoupset?”“________mynewbike.”A.LostB.BecauseoflosingC.SinceIlostD.Losing11.Istillremember_____toBeijingwhenIwassix.A.totakeB.takingC.havingtakingD.havingbeentaken12.Someforeignerusedto_____ontheleftintheirowncountries,butnowtheyhavegotusedto_____ontherightinourcountry.A.driving,driveB.drive,driveC.drive,drivingD.driving,driving13.Heremained____there,forhegrew____inmanythingsthere.A.staying,interestingB.staying,interestedC.tostay,interestD.stayed,interested14.Itisimportantforparentsandyoungpeopletolearnhowtogetthroughtoeachotheranddevelopskillinunderstandingand_____.A.beingunderstoodB.tobeunderstoodC.understandD.understood15._____moretreesisgoodforhealthanditisalsoimportanttostopwastefromfactories_____oursurroundings.A.Toplant,polluteB.Planting,topolluteC.Plant,pollutingD.Planting,polluting16.Iwouldappreciate_____backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling17.Howaboutthetwoofus_____awalkdownthegarden?A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking18.“Thelightintheofficeisstillon.”“Oh,Iforgot_____.”A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff19.“Imustapologizefor_____aheadoftime.”“That’sallright.”A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow20.Ithappened______whenIleftthestation,soIhadtowaituntiltherainstopped.A.toberainingB.tohaverainedC.torainD.raining21.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven22.Climbingmountainswas____,soweallfelt____.A.tiring;tiredB.tired;tiringC.tiring;tiringD.tired;tired23.The____morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,____byhisnaughtyboy.A.following;followingB.followed;followedC.following;followedD.followed;following24.____thesepictures,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijingand____fromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.A.Seeing;seenB.Seen;seeingC.Seeing;seeingD.Seen;seen25.MrsWhitewasgladtoseethenurse____afterhersonandherdaughterandwasalsopleasedtoseechildrenwell____careofinthenursery.A.looked;takenB.looking;takenC.looked;tookD.looking;taking26.Iwasfortunatetopickupawallet____onthegroundonthewayhome,butunfortunatelyforme,IfoundmycolourTVset____whenIgothome.A.lying;stolenB.laying;stealingC.lay;stolenD.lying;stealing27.____betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshiningbrightlyintheskyand____themlight.A.Giving;givenB.Given;givenC.Giving;givingD.Given;giving28.____hisheadhigh,themanagerwalkedintotheroomtoattendthemeeting____then.A.Holding;beingheldB.Held;holdingC.Havingheld;heldD.Held;tobeheld29.____buthestillcouldnotunderstandit.A.ToldmanytimesB.HavingbeentoldmanytimesC.HehasbeentoldmanytimesD.Thoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes30.Onhearingthe____news,Iwastoo____tosleep.A.exciting;excitedB.excited;excitingC.exciting;excitingD.excited;excited