Chapter-5-education-media-and-holiday

GuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况英语国家概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChapter5Education,MediaandHolidayTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland英语国家概况ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesHolidaysandFestivalsEducationMediaIIIIIICONTENTForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesEducationIEducationalPolicyEducationalSystemForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesEducationalPolicyBefore1870,educationwasvoluntaryandschoolsweresetupbythechurch.20thcenturylateron,governmenttakeresponsibilityforeducation.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesEducationalPolicyCompulsoryeducation:agesof5and16Freeeducation.(since1944)Comprehensiveschoolsintroducedinthe1960sNationalCurriculumintroducedin1988Subjects:mathematics,English,science,geography,technology,music,art,physicaleducation,aforeignlanguage.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesEducationalPolicyFourstages:Primary:5----11secondary:11----16furthereducation-----16Twomoreyearsinpreparationforhighereducationhighereducation-----18ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesEducationalSystemprimaryandSecondaryEducationHigherEducationFamousUniversitiesForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesPrimaryandSecondaryEducationTwoparallelschoolsystem:Statesystem—94%•(Freetoallchildrenbetween5—16yearsold)Independentsystem—Publicschools6%•Independenttuitionfees•IndependentcurriculumForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries•Pre-schooling•Beforeprimaryschoolingsomechildrenhaveanopportunitytoattendthefewkindergartens,whicharecalled“NurserySchools”.PrimaryandSecondaryEducationForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesstatesystem—11-yearcompulsoryeducation5-11:primaryschools11-16:secondaryschools(comprehensiveschools:literatureandscience,cookingandcarpentry)StateSystemPrimaryandSecondaryEducationForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesStateSchoolsTheyarefundedbylocalandcentralgovernments(Freetoallchildrenbetweentheagesof5—16)IndependentschoolsIndependentschools:feesarerequired2500independentschoolsinBritain,includingEtonandWinchesterAprivilegefortherichBetterfundedBetterteachersBetterfacilitiesBetterchancetoenterfamousuniversitiesTwoSystemsForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesEtonCollegeForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries—Harrow哈罗公学：丘吉尔、拜伦的母校，约旦国王侯赛因、印度前总理尼赫鲁也曾在这里就学。Eton,伊顿公学，也是英国昔日殖民地上层社会家庭孩子入学的首选学校，从印度王子到阿拉伯王子，大家都以入学伊顿为骄傲。伊顿公学被称为“精英的摇篮”，先后出过20位英国首相。在各国名流眼中，能把小孩送到伊顿公学就代表了地位和身份，因此连英国切尔西足球俱乐部老板阿布拉莫维奇，也在拼命为孩子申请入学伊顿公学。IndependentSystemprimaryandSecondaryEducationForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries6percentofallBritishchildrenHighfees:£7000pertermAprivilegefortherichBetterfundedBetterteachersBetterfacilitiesBetterchancetoenterfamousuniversitiesIndependentSystemprimaryandSecondaryEducationForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesCo-educatedSchoolsStateprimaryschoolsadmitbothboysandgirls(agedfrom5to11).Theseschoolsarecalledco-educationalormixedschools.AcademicYearBeginsinSeptember,andisdividedintothreeterms,withholidaysatChristmas,Easter,andinthesummer.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesSecondaryEducationThechildrenbeginsecondaryeducationattheageof11.TypesofsecondaryschoolsExaminationsForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesTypesofSecondarySchoolsIndependentandpublicSchools◆Independentschoolsarealsoconfusinglycalledpublicschools.◆Independentschoolsarefundedthroughtheprivatesector,tuitionfeesandminimalgovernmentassistance.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesExaminationsGCSE:GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation普通中等教育证书A-levels:GeneralCertificateofEducation-AdvancedLevel普通教育高级证书GNVQ:GeneralNationalVocationalQualifications国家通用职业资格证书ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesFurtherEducationAt16:Nationalexamination，GCSE(GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation),toleaveortocontinue“sixthform”(2years):3or4subjectsA-levels(GeneralCertificateofEducation—Advanced)—foruniversitiesadmittances(academic)GNVQ(GeneralNationalVocationalQualification)—forvocationaltrainingForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesBritishEducationalSystemPrimarySchool5-11SecondarySchool11-16(GCSE)SixthFormSchool16-18(A-levels)UniversityorCollegeofHigherEducationVocationalTrainingBeginworkingBeginWorkingBeginWorkingBeginWorkingForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesPrimaryandSecondaryEducationStateSystemIndependentSystemFeeFreeofchargeHightuitionEnrollment93%ofchildren7%ofchildrenFacilitiessuperiorStaffbetterStudents