自然拼读法

Phonics自然拼音法一、小学英语语音教学中面临的共性问题：1.标注汉语读单词2.会说不会认单词3.学生成绩两级分化严重4.机械记忆单词，遗忘率高5.辨音题失分严重二、什么是phonics？Phonics，即字母拼读法（又译自然拼音）已经在欧美国家流行百年，是自然形成的一种发音规则，主要教授英文字母（letter）与语音（sound）间的对应关系。是目前国际主流的英语教学法，它不仅是以英语为母语国家的孩子学习英语读音与拼字，增进阅读能力与理解力的教学法，更是以英语为第二语言的英语初学者学习发音规则与拼读技巧的教学方法。是美国、加拿大本土孩子的必修课程。1998年被引入香港和台湾，近几年逐步拓展到全国各地。自然拼读法的最大特点是：通过直接学习26个字母及字母组合在单词中的发音规则，让学生感受到字母及字母组合与发音的关系，建立字母及字母组合与发音的感知，它会把复杂的发音归纳成有规律的、简单的发音，帮助孩子建立音形联系、了解发音和拼写规则，掌握英语拼读规律，从而达到看到单词就会读，听到单词就会拼的学习目的。彻底解决学生学英语发音难、发不准音的问题。据研究，只要孩子掌握这些发音规则，并加以练习，不需要借助音标，就都能够读出80%的英语单词，把枯燥无味的背单词变成一件简单的事，从而达到事半功倍的效果。使英语学习变得简单、快乐、有趣。是一种效果显著的英语教学法。26个英文字母5个元音字母：AaEeIiOoUu21个辅音字母：BbCcDdFfGgHhJjKkLlMmNnPpQqRrSsTtVvWwXxYyZz三、单词的发音规则和分类方法及步骤元音字母及字母组合的发音规则辅音字母及辅音组合的发音规则特殊字母及字母组合的发音单词的拼读方法和步骤双音节词和多音节词的音节划分方法元音字母及字母组合的发音规则aeioua_ee_ei_eo_eu_eareriroruraiayeeeaeyieighoaowouowoioyauawaluiueooew以“一个元音字母+一个或两个辅音字母”结尾的单词叫做闭音节单词，简称为“以元辅或元辅辅”结尾的单词。A在闭音节单词中读短音[æ]：，例词如下：atcatbatfathatmatpatsatratflatadsadmaddadbadanmanfancanandhandlandamhamjammapbagflatbackapple五个元音字母在闭音节的单词中读其短音。以“一个元音字母+一个或两个辅音字母”结尾的单词叫做闭音节单词，简称为“以元辅或元辅辅”结尾的单词。五个元音字母在闭音节的单词中读其短音。E在闭音节单词中读短音：[е]，例词如下：eggbedgetpenendwellbestdeskegedetenendellU在单词中读短音：[Λ]，例词如下：sunlunchbusduckhugunugI在闭音节单词中读短音：[i]，例词如下：sixbighillpinkidsitixigillinidO在闭音节单词中读短音：[ɔ]，例词如下：boxnottopsocklostoxotopocka_ee_ei_eo_eu_e（神奇的E）A在“a-e”结尾的单词中读其字母本身的音：[ei]，例词如下：amenamesamegameakelakemakebakecaketakeatedategatelatehateKateplateaceplacefaceracesafetapemadegrade五个元音字母在“元辅e”结尾的单词中读其长音，即其字母本身的读音（字母音）。E在e-e结尾的单词中读其字母音：[i:]theseeveI在i-e结尾的单词中读字母音：[ai]kitefineridelikenicepricesmileiteineideikeiceO在o-e结尾的单词中读字母音：[əu]noseroperodenotehomeholesmokeU在u-e结尾的单词中读字母音：[ju:]tubecubecutemutehugearerirorurR元音ar[ɑ:]carcartdarkhardgardenarmfarmartpartyarkardarmarter[ə]sistermarkerdinnerteacherunderfarmerhermotherir[ə:]dirtyshirtbirdgirlfirstthirdbirthdayirtur[ə:]turnnurseturtleturkeyfurhurturnursearerirorurR元音or[ɔ:]porkforkmorningshortfortysportfortydoororkornor[ə:]wordworkworldore[ɔ:]moreborescorebefore元音字母组合的发音：ai：ailtailnailfailmailjailrailaidmaidpaidraidlaidainmaingainpainpaintrainbraintrainaitbaitwaitay：daysaypayMaylaygrayplayaiay[ei]aiayeeeaeyieighoaoweeeaey[i:]ee：beeseeneeddeepfeetweekkeepgreeneedeepeetea：seateareadcleanmeatealeaglepeachspeakeaneatey：keydonkeymonkeymoneyhoneyturkey元音字母组合的发音：ea[e]:headsweatersweatpearleadbearleatherfeatherbreaddeaddeafreadyweatherhealthieigh[ai]igh:rightsightnighthighsighbrightie[i:]：thiefpiecechiefmoviecookie元音字母组合的发音：ie:tiepieliedieoaow[əu]ou：roadboatgoalsoaploafroastoadoatoaloapoafoastow:rainbowbowlpillowyellowwindowhollowlowblowslowgrowborrowsnowrowsowown元音字母组合的发音：字母操ouowoioyauawaluiueooewou:outshoutmouthhousemousecloudcouchcountfoundsoundou[u:]:grouproutethroughow:cownowflowertowerowerdowntownbrownclowncrownownouow[au]元音字母组合的发音：oi:coinjoinpointoilboilsoilcoilnoiseoy:soytoyjoyRoyboyoioy[ɔi]auawal[ɔ:]au:becausenaughtycaughtdaughtertaughtaughboughtthoughtoughtaw:pawlawsawdrawstrawlawnawfullawyeral[ɔ:l]：alsoalwaysalready元音字母组合的发音：al:calltallfallballwallsmallhallwalktalkallOo[u:]:goodfootwoodbookcooklookhooktookuisuitjuicefruituebluegluetrueclueuueui在j、r、l后面时读作[u:]oo:moonroofbootsfoodspoonroomcoolfoolboomafternoontoouiueooew[u:]ew:blewdrewgrewthrewew[ju:]:fewhewnewviewnewspaper元音字母组合的发音：好脚站在木头上，碰见老K发短音。21个辅音字母的音标如下：B---[b]C---[k]D----[d]F---[f]G---[g]H---[h]J----[dʒ]K---[k]L----[l]M---[m]N--[n]P---[p]Q---[kw]R---[r]S---[s]T---[t]V---[v]W---[W]X---[ks]Y---[j]Z---[z]21个辅音字母的读音中有大部分跟汉语拼音的读音相似。辅音组合的发音规则thchtchshwhphblflplclglcrgrprfrtrdrsmsnswslspstscsksprstrscrknwrckmbph[f]:phonephrasephysicsphonicsenoughththchtchshwhphth[ð]:thisthatthesethosefathermotherbrotherfeatherweatherwiththenthantheth[θ]:thankthinkthingmathtooththickmouthteeththinthreethirstythiefbaththrowthroatch[t∫]:muchchairlunchFrenchbeachchurchchickentch[t∫]：catchmatchfetchsh[∫]:sheepfishdishshirtshipshopshefinishshakefreshwh[W]:whatwhenwhichwhywhitewhilewheelwheatwh[h]：whowhosewhomwholeblflplclglcrgrprfrtrdrbl:blueblackbloomfl:flatflyflagflowerpl:planeplayplatecl:clockcleanclaygl:glassgluecr:crycreamfr:frogFridaygr:graygreengrasspr:pricepresspraytr[tr]:treetrucktraindr[dr]:drinkdressdrumdrysmsnswslspstscsksprstrscrsm:smilesmallsmellsn:snowsnakesnacksw:swimsweetsweatsl:slowsleepsledslopesp:spellspeakspacespoonsportspringst:starstopstarstandstickstorystockingstreetstrongstrawberrysc:scarfscreamscreensk:skirtskateskyskiknwrckmbkn[n]:knobkneeknifeknockknewwr[r]:writewrotewrittenwrongck[k]：backduckneckblackmb[m]:thumblambbombcombclimb特殊字母及字母组合的发音tsdsqunggedgefulingtioneighildindoldosteieereareirairarets[ts]：itspartslotshatsds[ds]:handsbedsbirdsqu[kw]：quickquackqueenquestionng[ŋ]:songsinglongthingbringge[dʒ]：agepagelargehugedge[dʒ]：bridgeedgejudgeful[ful]:usefulhelpfuling[iŋ]:singswingplayinggoingtion[∫ən]:fictionquestiontsdsqunggedgefulingtioneighildindoldosteieigh[ei]:eightweighteighthneighborheightild[aild]:wildmildind[aind]:kindfindbehindblindold[əuld]:oldgoldcoldsoldost[əuld]:posthostmostghostei[ai]:eitherneithera+s，f，th:spassclassglassgrassfastasklastbasketafterfatherear:bearpear