2019版高考英语专题化语法贯通市级重点高中版课件：专题十二-构词法

专题十二构词法1．动词变名词的后缀名词后缀后缀例词ion/tion/sion/ationcorrect→correction改正celebrate→celebration庆祝；庆祝会conclude→conclusion结论；结束discuss→discussion讨论；辩论decide→decision决定admit→admission接纳；准许入学attract→attraction吸引invite→invitation邀请；请柬explain→explanation解释graduate→graduation毕业expect→expectation期望；期待后缀例词er/ordrive→driver司机；驾驶员gather→gatherer收集者；采集者conduct→conductor指挥；售票员teach→teacher老师announce→announcer播音员mentpunish→punishment惩罚achieve→achievement功绩；成就argue→argument辩论；论据treat→treatment对待；治疗equip→equipment装备；设备govern→government政府后缀例词ance/enceappear→appearance出现；外貌guide→guidance指引；指导perform→performance表演；节目exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏爱refer→reference参考；查阅inghear→hearing听力；听觉begin→beginning开头；开端ure/turefail→failure失败；没做到press→pressure压力mix→mixture混合；混合物depart→departure离开；出发后缀例词yrecover→recovery恢复；痊愈discover→discovery发现其他choose→choice选择vary→variety多样化；种类tend→tendency趋向；趋势grow→growth生长；增加2．形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshort→shortage不足；短缺cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流畅accurate→accuracy准确性private→privacy隐私；私密domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧encedifferent→difference差异silent→silence沉默后缀例词nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点kind→kindness仁慈；好意careless→carelessness粗心大意thstrong→strength力气；强项warm→warmth温暖；热情ytyityhonest→honesty诚实difficult→difficulty困难cruel→cruelty残酷；残暴safe→safety安全disable→disability无能；伤残responsible→responsibility责任[命题点感悟]考什么·考多少·怎么考单句语法填空/单句改错①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe____________(introduce)ofelectric­poweredenginesandlifts.解析：根据空格前面的定冠词the可知此处需要填名词。withtheintroductionof表示“随着……的引进”。introduction②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher__________(educate)．解析：空格前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education。education③(2017·江苏高考改编)Thedisappearanceofdinosaursisnotnecessarilycausedbyastronomicalincidents.Butalternative____________(explain)arehardtofind.解析：设空处在此处作句子的主语，要用其名词形式。根据第二句的谓语动词are可知此处要用名词的复数形式。④(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop__________(attract)．explanations解析：跟在形容词性物主代词its后面，应用attract的名词形式，top为形容词，修饰中心词attraction。attraction⑤(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir________(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.解析：空格前面是形容词性物主代词their，其后面需要用名词。ability⑥(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)Thismadeforthegrowintheporcelainindustry.解析：此处grow要作介词for的宾语，应用其名词形式growth。growth形容词、副词后缀1．动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词ableaccept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable舒适的fashion→fashionable时髦的suit→suitable合适的reason→reasonable有道理的almusic→musical音乐的origin→original最初的person→personal个人的；私人的center→central中央的；中心的nature→natural自然的；天生的后缀例词fuldoubt→doubtful怀疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的hope→hopeful有希望的peace→peaceful和平的edscare→scared感到恐惧的confuse→confused感到困惑的underline→underlined下划线的ingsurprise→surprising令人惊异的convince→convincing令人信服的satisfy→satisfying令人满意的后缀例词ibleaccess→accessible容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的terror→terrible可怕的iveact→active积极的；活跃的effect→effective有效的；生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive给人深刻印象的ouscontinue→continuous不断的；持续的anxiety→anxious忧虑的caution→cautious十分小心的；谨慎的curiosity→curious好奇的humor→humorous幽默的后缀例词sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome麻烦的ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的health→healthy健康的wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的erneast→eastern东方的；向东的ishchild→childish孩子气的fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的2．形容词变副词的后缀在形容词后加ly可变成相应意义的副词直接加lyclear→clearly清楚地slow→slowly缓慢地改y为ilyhappy→happily高兴地easy→easily容易地去e加lytrue→truly真诚地；确实possible→possibly可能地[命题点感悟]考什么·考多少·怎么考Ⅰ.单句语法填空①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)However,be________(care)nottogotoextremes.解析：此处表示“小心不要走极端”。根据语境和be可知此处应用形容词careful作表语。careful②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Itis_________(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.解析：此处应该使用副词形式作状语，修饰“fun”。certainly③(2017·江苏高考改编)OnlyfiveyearsafterSteveJobs’death,smart­phonesdefeated____________(convention)PCsinsales.解析：句意：仅仅在史蒂夫·乔布斯去世五年后，智能手机的销售额就打败了传统的个人电脑。由空格后的名词“PCs”可知，应填形容词形式conventional，表示“传统的”。conventional④(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbe________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.解析：此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我，根据句子结构可知，应该使用副词officially作状语修饰动词given。officially⑤(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks_________(regular)．解析：此处需要用副词形式修饰动词短语“takeshortbreaks”。regularly⑥(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As_________(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.解析：此处需要用形容词形式作定语修饰后面的名词architects。natural⑦(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Whilethereare________(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthechangesaregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.解析：括号中的提示词amaze构成的形容词amazing常修饰事物，而amazed常用来修饰人。根据此空后的名词stories，可知应该用amazing。amazing⑧(2014·大纲卷改编)Raymond’sparentswantedhimtohavethe________(good)possibleeducation.解析：句意：雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。题干中的possible可与形容词的最高级连用表示强调，意为“最……的”，故答案为best。bestⅡ.单句改错①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.解析：此处需用形容词修饰后面的名词stop，表示“突然的停止”。sudden②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes,playingpopmusic,andcollectingthelatestmusicalbums.解析：此处应该使用形容词different作定语修饰kinds，意为“不同的”。different③(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead,hehope