宾语从句

宾语:表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者.宾语一般放在及物动词之后.英语介词也会跟宾语.可作宾语的有名词,数词,代词,动名词,不定式等.还有句子,也就是宾语从句.1.WealllikeEnglish.2.Pleasehelpme.3.Howmanybooksdoyouwant?Iwantfour.4.Heenjoysswimming.5.Hehopedtoarrivethereontime.6.Idon’tthinkthatheisright.7.Shecoveredherfacewithherhands.8.Whataboutgoingswimming?9.Motherboughtmeanewskirt.(名词)(代词)(数词)(动名词)(不定式)(从句)(名词作宾语)(动名词作介词宾语)(双宾语)此句有两个宾语me和anewskirt,me是间接宾语,anewskirt是直接宾语.也可写成Motherboughtanewskirtforme.像这样的动词有:showpasssendteachtellwritetakelend等.直接宾语和间接宾语可交换位置,但要加to或for.(名词)复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句Hetoldmethenews.thatthematchhadbeencancelled.宾语howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycar.thatIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycarandthatIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.whenhewasleavingforParis.thathisfatherwasworkinginthatschool.宾语从句宾语从句的概念：宾语部分是一个句子.2.他住在哪儿?Wheredoeshelive?1.他是一个医生.Heisadoctor.他说他是一个医生.Hesays_________________thatheisadoctor.你能告诉我他住在哪儿?Couldyoutellme___________________wherehelives?(宾语从句)(宾语从句)Forexample:3.你几岁了?Howoldareyou?★我想知道你几岁了.Iwantedtoknow_________________howoldyouwere.4.Jim会游泳吗?CanJimswim?★她问Jim是否会游泳.Sheasked_______________________whether\ifJimcouldswim.(宾语从句)(宾语从句)句子结构：1.that主句+引导词2.where\what---+主语+谓语…___________________________主句部分引导词宾语从句部分宾语从句的概念：宾语部分是一个句子.3.whether\if学好宾语从句注意以下几点：第一关:宾语从句引导词一、that连词1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。Hesaysthatheisadoctor.2.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what,who,whom,whose,which）或连接副词（when,where,why，how）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略.1.Couldyoutellmewherehelives?2.Iwantedtoknowhowoldyouwere.3.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导,翻译成：“是否”，whether…与ornot或or是固定搭配.1.Sheaskedwhether\ifJimcouldswim.2.Iwanttoknowwhetherit’sgoodnewsornot.选用适当的引导词填空that;which,who,whom,when,where,how,why,whose;whether/if1.LiPingaskedme_________Ididn’tcometoherbirthdaypartyyesterday.2.TheteacheraskedTom__________hewaswaitingfor.3.Hermothersaid_____________shewasgoingtogetahorseforher.4.Doyouknow__________thisdictionaryis?whywhomthatwhose5.Canyoutellme______themaninredis?6.Thegirlasked_________skirtsheshouldtryoninthisshop.7.Couldyoutellme_________Icangettothenearestbusstop,please?8.Doyouknow_________thebestbookshopis?9.Idon’tknow________themeetingwillbegin.10.Iwanttoknow________________weshouldhavearest.whohowwherewhenwhether\ifwhenwhich第二关:宾语从句的语序宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。即：主句部分+引导词+______+_____+____主语谓语1.Whataretheydrawing?Didyouknow?Didyouknow_________________________2.WheredidhemeetJim?IwanttoknowIwanttoknow_________________________3.Isthecatlikeatigerornot?SheaskedSheasked_________________________ornot.从句部分______________________________whattheyweredrawing?wherehemetJim.whetherthecatwaslikeatiger其他如果当一些固定句式或who等在从句中做主语时,语序本身就是“主语+谓语”,即从句部分顺序不变.Whatisthematterwith……..?Whatiswrongwith………?Whichisthewayto……..?Whoisonduty?Whatisinthebox?注意事项eg:Idon’tknowwhatisinthebox.选择填空()1.Doyouknow_____start?A.whenwewillB.whenshallweC.whenwillwe()2.Nobodyissure_____tovisitourschool.A.howdoeshecomeB.wherewillhecomeC.whenheiscoming()3.Excuseme.Canyoutellme________?A.howdoestheshipleaveB.whentheshipleavesC.theshiphadleft()4.Don’tworry.I’llshowyou__________A.whereisthehospitalB.wherethehospitalisC.thehospitaliswhereACBB()5.Hedidn’ttellme___________AhowoldishisfriendBhowoldhisfriendwasChisfriendwashowold()6.Heasked__________AwhatisintheboxBwhatwasintheboxCwhatintheboxwas()7.Doyouknow__________AwhoisondutytodayBwhoondutyistodayCwhoondutytodayis()8.Idon’tknow_________A.whatisthematterwithhimB.whatthematteriswithhimC.whatthematterwithhimisBBAA宾语从句的时态一般是根据主句确定的1.当主句是现在时----------从句的时态可根据句意的需要用任意一种时态。2.当主句是过去时----------从句：一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时…3.当宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等，不管主句是什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时。e.g.Hesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.第三关:宾语从句的时态注意事项could/would1.委婉语气2.过去式Couldyoutellmewherehelives?Sheaskedwhether\ifJimcouldswim.选择填空()1Canyoutellmewhy______yesterday?A.youdidn’tcomeB.youdon’tcomeC.didn’tyoucome()2Iwanttoknowwhether______tonight.A.there’sfootballgameB.therewillbeafootballgameC.therewillhaveafootballgame()3Whynotanswerme?Didyouhear_______?A.whatIsayB.whatIsaidC.whatdoIday()4Wedidn’tknowifhe___partinthesportsmeetingnextweek.A.willtakeB.isgongtotakeC.wouldtakeABBC()5.SheaskedmeifI_____thebookbefore.A.havereadB.wouldreadC.hadread()6Theteachertoldhisstudentsthatlight______fasterthansound.A.wastravelingB.traveledC.travelD.travels()7Couldyoutellmeifhe______toBeijing.A.hasgoneB.hadgoneC.wentD.goCDA1.当主句的谓语动词是“think,believe,guess,suppose,expect…”，2.且主语是第一人称(即：I、we)时，从句是否定概念时,必须把否定前移.e.g：我认为他不会来了I______________________________________第四关：宾语从句中的否定前移don’tthinkthathewillcome我们相信这鸭子不会走路.Wedidn’t____________theduck___________couldwalk.believethat第五关：由疑问词“when,who,what,how等引导的宾语从句与简单句“疑问词+不定式”的互相转换.1.Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.Idon’tknow_______________next.2.Wedidn’tknowwhetherwecouldgoornot.Wedidn’tknow________________ornot.3.Lucyhasn’tdecidedwhichcuptochoose.Lucyhasn’tdecided_________________choose.whattodowhichcupshewillwhethertogo(没有if+不定式的用法)\should注意：1.如果从句中含有or或ornot时，只能用whether而不用if。3.宾语从句的标点符号得看主句.即主句是疑问句则用“?”，主句是陈述句则用“.”2.在“疑问词+不定式”