英国文学简史第一章

Chapter1TheOldEnglishPeriod·Beowulf·TheMiddleEnglishPeriod古英语时期-贝奥武甫-中世纪英语时期Anglo-SaxonPeriod(450-1066)TheAnglo-SaxonPeriodextendedfromtheinvasionofCelticEnglandbyGermanictribes(theAngles,Saxons,andJutes)inthefirsthalfofthefifthcenturytotheconquestofEnglandin1066bytheNormanFrenchundertheleadershipofWilliamtheConqueror.OnlyaftertheyhadbeenconvertedtoChristianityinthe7thcenturydidtheAnglo-Saxons,whereearlierliteraturehadbeenoral,begintodevelopawrittenliterature.Anglo-SaxonPeriod(450-1066)HistoricalBackgroundandIdeology(历史背景和社会思潮)RomanConquestAnglo-SaxonConquestNormanConquestOldEnglishBeowulf巨石阵又称索尔兹伯里石环、环状列石、太阳神庙、史前石桌、斯通亨治石栏、斯托肯立石圈等名，是欧洲著名的史前时代文化神庙遗址，位于英格兰威尔特郡索尔兹伯里平原，约建于公元前4000～2000年（2008年3月至4月，英国考古学家研究发现，巨石阵的准确建造年代距今已经有4300年，即建于公元前2300年左右）TheMesopotamiancivilizationTheancientEgyptiancivilizationTheancientGreek-RomancivilizationTheancientIndiancivilizationTheChinesecivilizationLiteraryTerms（文学术语解释）Legend（传说）:Asongornarrativehandeddownfromthepast,legenddiffersfrommythsonthebasisoftheelementsofhistoricaltruththeycontain.Epic（史诗）:1)Epic,inpoetry,referstoalongworkdealingwiththeactionsofgodsandheroes.2)BeowulfisthegreatestnationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons.JohnMiltonwrotethreegreatepics:ParadiseLost,ParadiseRegainedandSamsonAgonistes.OldEnglishLiteraturePaganReligiousCaedmonCynewulfTheEcclesiasticalHistoryofEnglandAnglo-SaxonChronicleBeowulf《贝奥武夫》手稿英国的英雄史诗：Beowulf《贝奥武夫》法兰西民族的英雄颂歌：ChansondeRoland《罗兰之歌》德国民族的悲壮史诗：Nibelungenlied《尼伯龙根之歌》西班牙的不朽史诗：CantardeMioCid《熙德之歌》俄国的民族史诗：ChronicleoftheCampaignofIgor《伊戈尔远征记》Beowulf《贝奥武甫》ChansondeRoland《罗兰之歌》Nibelungenlied《尼伯龙根之歌》WhatarethemaincharacteristicsofAnglo-SaxonLiterature?►Anglo-Saxonliteratureisalmostexclusivelyaverseliteratureinoralform.Itwaspasseddownbywordofmouthfromgenerationtogeneration.Mostofitscreatorsareunknown.TherearetwogroupsofEnglishpoetryinAnglo-Saxonperiod.ThefirstgroupisthepaganpoetryrepresentedbyBeowulf,thesecondisthereligiouspoetryrepresentedbytheworksofCaedmonandCynewulf.WhataretheartisticfeaturesofOldEnglishpoetry?AnevidentChristianoverlayTheuseofkenningsTheconspicuousoccurrenceofalliterationThenarratorofthepoem,the“I”:aminstrelThestory’sdigressivemannerofnarration1.___wereprobablythefirstinhabitantsoftheBritishIslesinrecordedhistory.a.TheAnglo-Saxonsb.TheRomansc.TheCeltsd.TheNormans2.Britainwasnamedafteratribecalled___.3.Generallyspeaking,itisin___thattheEnglishLiteraryhistorystarts.(北京第二外国语学院2007年考研题)a.6th.C.BCb.5th.C.BCc.6th.C.ADd.5th.C.AD4.ThepieceofworkthatiscommonlyconsideredtobethebeginningoftheEnglishliteratureis___.(吉林大学2005年考研题)a.ParadiseLostb.TheCanterburyTalesc.LeMorted’Arthurd.BeowulfOldEnglishLiterature1.TheOldEnglishpoetrycanbedividedintotwogroups:the___poetryandthe___poetry.2.Beowulfisthenationalepicofthe___.(国际关系学院2007年考研题)3.___isthefirstimportantreligiouspoetinEnglishliterature.4.WhenwespeakoftheoldEnglishprose,thefirstnamethatcomesintoourmindsis___,whoisthefirstscholarinEnglishliteratureandhasbeenregardedasfatherofEnglishlearning.Anglo-NormanPeriod(1066-1400)TheHistoricSituation:•TheEstablishmentoftheFeudalSystem•The1381PeasantUprising•TheCompletionoftheDomesdayBook•TheLaunchingoftheCrusades•TheSigningoftheMagnaCarter•TheHundredYears’WarMedievalLiteratureSirGawainandtheGreenKnight《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》：Writeinabout1375-1400,thepoemisoneofthebestMiddleEnglishromances.WilliamLangland:“PiersthePlowman”《耕者皮尔斯》，inwhichhedealtwiththereligiousandsocialissuesofhisday.TheRobinHoodBallads《罗宾汉民谣》:Themostimportantoneamongthemedievalballads.GeoffreyChaucer:ThefatherofEnglishpoetry,andbestrememberedforhisTheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》.Romance（罗曼史/骑士文学）:1)RomanceisapopularliteraryforminthemedievalEngland.2)Itsingsknightlyadventuresorotherheroicdeeds.3)Chivalry(suchasbravery,honor,generosity,loyaltyandkindnesstotheweakandpoor)isthespiritofromance.Ballad（民谣）:1)Balladisastoryinpoeticformtobesungorrecited.2)Balladswerepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.3)RobinHoodisafamousballadsingingthegoodsofRobinHood.Coleridge’sTheRimeoftheAncientMarinerisa19thcenturyEnglishballad.RepresentativeWritersandTheirworks（作家作品）Beowulf《贝奥武甫》SirGawainandtheGreenKnight《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》WilliamLangland威廉·兰格伦Pierstheplowman《耕者皮尔斯》Iftheepicreflectsaheroicage,theromancereflectsachivalricone.Simulationexercise(模拟练习)1、Afterthe___Conquest,feudalsystemwasestablishedinEnglishsociety.2、ThemostprevalentkindofliteratureinfeudalEnglandwas___.3、___istheoldestpoemintheEnglishlanguage,andalsotheoldestsurvivingepicintheEnglishlanguage.4、InAnglo-Saxonperiod,Beowulfrepresentedthe___poetry.5、___isthefirstknownreligiouspoetofEngland.HeisknownastheFatherofEnglishSong6、The___centuryhastraditionallybeendescribedasthebarrenageinEnglishliterature.7、ThemostimportantworkofAlfredtheGreatis___,whichisregardedasthemonumentoftheoldEnglishprose.8、__referstoalongnarrativepoemthatrecordstheadventuresofaheroinanation’shistory.(2011年专八真题)A.BalladB.RomanceC.EpicD.Elegy