胡壮麟语言学教程课件Part10

Chapter7Language,CultureandSocietyŠThischapterfocusesonthediscussionontherelationshipbetweenLANGUAGE,CULTUREandSOCIETYinthefieldofSOCIALLINGUISTICS.7.1Languageandculture7.1.1HowdoeslanguagerelatetocultureŠAnthropologicalstudyoflinguistics(Malinowski)ŠContextofsituation(Firth,theLondonSchool)ŠLinguisticdeterminism&LinguisticRelativity(Sapir-WhorfHypotheses)ŠFivetypesofculturalcommunication(EugeneNida)7.1.2MoreabouttheSapir-WhorfhypothesisŠStrongversion:Theoriginalhypothesisemphasizesthedecisiveroleoflanguageastheshaperofourthinkingpatterns.ŠWeakversion:Themodifiedtheorysuggeststhatthereisacorrelationbetweenlanguage,culture,andthought,butthecross-culturaldifferencesthusproducedinourwaysofthinkingarerelative,ratherthancategorical.7.1.3Casestudies7.1.4Towhichextentdoweneedcultureinourlinguisticstudy?7.1.5Cultureinlanguageteachingclassroom7.2Languageandsociety7.2.1Howdoeslanguagerelatetosociety?ŠMonisticviewŠDualisticview(1960s)7.2.2AsituationallyandsociallyvariationistperspectiveŠTherelationshipbetweenspeakers’socialstatusandtheirphonologicalvariations(WilliamLacov)ŠWomenregister(RobinLakoff)ŠLinguisticsexism7.2.3Whatshouldweknowmoreaboutsociolinguistics?-Sociolinguisticstudyofsociety-Sociolinguisticstudyoflanguage7.2.4Whatimplicationscanwegetfromsociolinguistics?7.3SummaryQuestionsandExercisesŠWhatwillyousaytoastatementlike“oneculture’smeatisanotherculture’spoison”?ŠWhydoweneedtoteachcultureinourlanguageclassroom?ŠOverthepasttwodecades,hundredsofnewwordshaverushedintothedailylifeofChinesepeople.Trytocollectabunchofthesewords,examinethecontextoftheirusage,andprovideafeasibleexplanationtotheirbooming.ŠIthasbeenwidelyrecognizedthattheso-called“magicwords”like“thankyou”and“please”aremorefrequentlyusedinanEnglishspeakingsocietythantheywillinaChinesespeakingsociety.Oneofexplanationsforthisphenomenonmaygolikethis:Look,theseforeignersarereallymorepolitethanourcountrymen.Trytouseyourknowledgeinsociolinguisticsandmakesomecommentsonthisunderstandingofculturaldifferences.