精讲初中英语句子成分

1(一)句子成分PartsoftheSentence2句子成分的概念：组成句子的各个部分就叫句子成分。英语基本句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。3句子成份:★句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（subjectgroup）谓语部分（predicategroup）★句子成份：主·谓·宾·表补定·状·4Membersofsentence:S---subjectP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplementPredicate/(Verb)主宾表补定状谓5一、主语（subject）主语是谓语讲述的对象，是句子的主体。表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。61Theroomisveryclean.2WeoftenspeakEnglish.3Eightismyluckynumber.4ToteachthemEnglishismyjob.5Swimmingisgoodforourhealth.6Whatweneedisfood.7Thepoorareeverywhereinsomecountries.8在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。Itisveryinterestingtoplaythegamecalled“treatortrick”.Ittooktwoworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse.理解记忆(名词)(代词)(数词)(动词不定式)(动名词)(句子)(the+形容词)找出下面句子的主语1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Totalkwithyouisagreatpleasure3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.4.Theyareourgoodfriends.5.Whathesaidwasright.6.EightisaluckynumberinChina.7.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.8单选：1.Marywithhertwodaughters_____goingtoShanghaiforExplo2010nextmonth.A.areB.wasC.isD.were2.____moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing3.____isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They9二、谓语（predicate）谓语是用来说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。常置于主语后。谓语由动词充当，主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。谓语动词存在多种时态和不同的语态，它是句子的核心。11谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。•Iloveyou!•Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight.•Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.•Theplanetookoffat10o’clock.•Howoftendoyougoshopping?•Whydidn’tyoucomebacklastnight?简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成12•Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.•Hehascaughtabadcough.•Wearesudents.•Thatideasoundsgreat!复合谓语1.情态动词+动词原形2.其他助动词+动词某种形式3.系动词+形容词常见情态动词：•can/could能，可以，可能•may/might可以，可能•need需要•must必须，务必•will/would表意愿•should应该•haveto不得不+动词原形作谓语系动词分类：一be动词类：am,is,are,was,were二感官动词类:look,sound,smell,taste,feel,三表示变化类:become,get,turn,grow,go四表示延续性的动词:remain,stay,keep五似乎，好像:seem,appear15•Openthedoor,please!•Goandgetsomewaterforme.•Don’tlaughatothers!•Don’tcomebacklatetonight.•主意祈使句中的谓语部分：1.省略主语you2.谓语动词用原形16找出下列句子的谓语1.Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.2.Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.3.Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?4.Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?5.Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.6.Putawayyourbooksrightnow!17按要求找出下列句子的主谓：1.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.（主谓）2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.（谓）3.Don’tgetnervous，andhelpyourselftowhatyoulike．（主谓）4.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.（主谓）5.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.（主）6.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?（主谓）主谓小测祈使句,省略主语you181.Itisdifficultforme______somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?A.finishB.finishingC.tofinishD.finished2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends____toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon.A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone单选：It’sadj.forsbtodosth.做某事对某人来说是……的形式主语真正的主语tofinish193.__upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets4.________upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets5.Wow!Thecaketastes_______!CanIhaveonemore?A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good祈使句，谓语动词用原形动名词做主语感官动词+adj.20三、表语(predicative)表语用以说明主语是什么或怎么样，它一般位于系动词之后，构成主系表结构，说明主语的状况，性质，特征等。表语可以由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当。221.Myfatherisateacher.（名词）2.Youlookyoungerthanbefore.（形容词）3.Iamten.（数词）4.Everyoneishere.（副词）5.Theyareatthetheatre.（介词短语）6.MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.（不定式）7.Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.（从句）找出下列句子的表语1.Wearethemasterofourfuture.2.Theoldmanfeltverysad.3.Ourcountrywillbecomestronger4.Myfatherkeptsilent.5.Yourwordsseemedright.6.Thedrinktastesquitewonderful.7.Inspringthetreesturngreen.8.Theboyisveryclever.9.Nooneremainsyoungforever.10.Thegirlhasbecomeskillful.24四、宾语（object）宾语表示动作所涉及的对象，内容或承受者。宾语宾语由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing、从句充当。动词+宾语（readbook）介词+宾语(Thebookisgoodforus.)25动宾:表示行为的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?WeneedtwoWeshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ihopetoseeyouagain.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?介宾：介词后面的宾语Heisafraidofher--hisheadteacher.Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.注意：人称代词要用宾格Idecidedtogowith_______.A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.she261.Heneverforgivesothersfortheirmistakes.(名词)2.Heoftenhelpsme.（代词）3.Helikestosleepintheopenair.（不定式）4.TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.（现在分词）5.Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.（宾语从句）27Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.双宾结构：间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth)接双宾结构的动词有：give,offer,lend,send,pass,show,bring,take,sell,write,buy,fetch,find,get,makeIthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式注意以下情况：找出下列句子的宾语1.Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.2.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.3.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?4.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.5.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.30五、宾语的补足语（objectcomplement）英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。复合宾语表达的意思相当于一个句子的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.311.Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.2.Don’tmakeyourhandsdirty.3.WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived.4.Makeyourselfathome.5.Isawagirlgointothebuilding.6.Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown.7.Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.8.Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（介词短语）（省略to的不定式）（带to的不定式）（现在分词）（过去分词）找出句子中的宾语