分词作状语

怎样区别现在分词与过去分词作状语一：现在分词作状语：①现在分词作状语，表示陪衬性的动作或伴随情况，如：Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.Theystoodthereforanhourwatchingthegame.Shesatatthedeskreadinganewspaper.注意：a.分词表示的必须是主语的一个动作；b.分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作（或状态）是同时发生的；c.分词表示的是比较次要的动作，对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明；d.大部分放在谓语之后；e.分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。②现在分词作状语，表示行为方式或手段（这类状语可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，有时还可以放在句中。其他参考上述a-c），如：Followingtheguide,theystartedtoclimb.③现在分词作状语，表示原因或理由，如：Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.Beingsopoorinthosedays,wecouldn’taffordtosendtheboytohospital.注：如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，则要用完成形式，如：Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.④现在分词作时间状语（相当于when引导的从句），如：Turningaround,shesawapolicecardrivingup.Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Seeingthosepictures,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedaysinYan’an.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.HavinglivedinBerlinmanyyears,heknewthecitywell.⑤现在分词作状语还可以表示结果、条件和让步，如：Herhusbanddiedin1942,leavingherwithfivechildren.(结果)Thebuswasheldupbysnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.(结果)Workinghard,youwillsucceed.(条件)Turningtotheleft,youwillfindthepathleadingtothesite.(条件)Weighingalmostonehundredjin,thestonewasmovedbyhimalone.(让步)二、过去分词短语作状语，可以修饰谓语，说明动作发生的背景或情况，如：Builtin1192,thebridgeisover700yearsold.Ledbytheparty,thepeoplehaveimprovedtheirlivingconditionsgreatly.Surroundedbyagroupofpupils,theoldteacherwalkedintotheroom.Thetrainerappeared,followedbysixlittledogs.过去分词短语表示原因（相当于一个原因状语从句），如：Thechildren,exhausted,fellasleepatonce.Hesoonfellasleep,exhaustedbythejourney.(=ashewasexhausted…)过去分词短语有时可以表示时间（相当于时间状语从句）和条件（相当于条件状语从句），如：United,westand;divided,wefall.(=When/Ifweareunited…)Heated,waterchangesintosteam.(=When/Ifwaterisheated…)Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Praisedbytheneighbours,hebecametheprideofhisparents.受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）Givenmoretime,I'llbeabletodoitbetter.如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）Thoughtoldofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）Filledwithhopesandfears,heenteredthecave.心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应和句子的主语保持一致；现在分词所表示的动作和句子的主语为主谓关系；过去分词所表示的动作和句子的主语为动宾关系;例如:1.Walkingonthehill,shesawlotsofwildplantsshehadneverseen.2.WritteninsimpleEnglish,hisbookispopularamongchildren.(1)句，shewalk为主谓关系；(2)句writehisbook为被动关系；现在分词与过去分词作状语的判断：一：分析法即根据分词所表示的动作与句子的主语的关系来判断，是主谓关系的就用doing;/havingdone;是动宾关系的就用done/havingbeendone例如：Havingwastedalotoftime,theboyrealizedhehadtoworkhardathislessons.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.二：记忆法1.常用doing的情况：judgingby/from...(根据...来判断)，generally/Franklyspeaking,及形容词化的现在分词表示令人...的（句子的主语通常为某物）：discouraging,interesting,inviting,puzzling,astonishing,shocking,surprising,exciting,confusing,disappointing,...。Alwaysconfusing,thetwins’appearanceswerehardtotellapart.2.常用done的情况：comparedto/with,given...;及短语beseated,bedressed,belocated,besituated,belost(in),beengaged(in),beaddictedto,beoccupiedwith,bedevotedto...作状语时，保留其过去分词。Engagedinhisbusiness,themanhasnotreturnedhomefor3weeks.Practice1.Theprisoner(罪犯),____theguardandrunaway,wascaughtthenextdays.AkilledB.killingChavingkilledDbeingkilledby2.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless______everyday.AwateredBwateringCwaterDtowater3.HeisastudentatOxfordUniversity,_____foradegreeincomputerscience.AstudiedBstudyingCtohavestudyDtobestudying4.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,______inthenaturallightduringtheday.AtoletBlettingCletDhavinglet5.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork_____,hegladlyacceptedit.AfinishedBfinishingChavingfinishedDwasfinished.6.____inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.AHavinglostBLostCBeinglostDLosting7.Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itis_____thatcauseyouillness.AbecauseofyouroverweightByouaresooverweightCbecauseyouareoverweihgtDyourbeingoverweight8.Allflights______becauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.AhadbeencanceledBhavebeencanceledChavingbeencanceledDbeingcanceled9._____theoldhouses,theybuiltabeautifulgardeninthatarea.APulleddownBHavingpulleddownCPullingdownDTopulldown10ThousandsofpeoplehavebeenmovingtoShenzhensince1992,itspopulation_____toover10,000,000.AincreasingBincreasedChasincreasedDhasbeenincreasedKeycabbabdcba