国际项目管理手册-规划、组织与控制国际项目

GLOBALPROJECTMANAGEMENTHANDBOOKPlanning,Organizing,andControllingInternationalProjectsDavidI.ClelandEditorProfessorEmeritus,SchoolofEngineeringUniversityofPittsburghPittsburgh,PennsylvaniaRolandGareisEditorProjectManagementGroupUniversityofEconomicsandBusinessAdministrationVienna,AustriaSecondEditionMcGRAW-HILLNewYorkChicagoSanFranciscoLisbonLondonMadridMexicoCityMilanNewDelhiSanJuanSeoulSingaporeSydneyTorontoCleland_FM.qxd6/5/062:05PMPageiInformationcontainedinthisworkhasbeenobtainedbyTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.(“McGraw-Hill”)fromsourcesbelievedtobereliable.However,neitherMcGraw-Hillnoritsauthorsguaranteetheaccuracyorcompletenessofanyinformationpublishedherein,andneitherMcGraw-Hillnoritsauthorsshallberesponsibleforanyerrors,omissions,ordamagesarisingoutofuseofthisinformation.ThisworkispublishedwiththeunderstandingthatMcGraw-Hillanditsauthorsaresupplyinginformationbutarenotattemptingtorenderengineeringorotherprofessionalservices.Ifsuchservicesarerequired,theassistanceofanappropriateprofessionalshouldbesought.Cataloging-in-PublicationDataisonfilewiththeLibraryofCongressCopyright©2006,1994byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.ExceptaspermittedundertheUnitedStatesCopyrightActof1976,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedordistributedinanyformorbyanymeans,orstoredinadatabaseorretrievalsystem,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.1234567890DOC/DOC012109876ISBN0-07-146045-4ThesponsoringeditorforthisbookwasLarryS.HagerandtheproductionsupervisorwasPamelaA.Pelton.ItwassetinTimesbyInternationalTypesettingandComposition.TheartdirectorforthecoverwasAnthonyLandi.PrintedandboundbyRRDonnelley.McGraw-Hillbooksareavailableatspecialquantitydiscountstouseaspremiumsandsalespromotions,orforuseincorporatetrainingprograms.Formoreinformation,pleasewritetotheDirectorofSpecialSales,McGraw-HillProfessional,TwoPennPlaza,NewYork,NY10121-2298.Orcontactyourlocalbookstore.Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper.Cleland_FM.qxd6/5/062:05PMPageiiiiiCONTENTSContributorsxiPrefacexiiiAcknowledgmentsxvPart1StateoftheArtofGlobalProjectManagement1-1Chapter1.TheEvolutionofProjectManagementDavidI.ClelandandLewisR.Ireland1-3Introduction/1-4TypesofEvidenceforHistoricalProjects/1-5ProjectCharter/1-6EarlyLiteratureonProjects/1-6GovernmentLiterature/1-8LeadingProjectsofAntiquity/1-8MilitaryCampaigns/1-11SummaryoftheResultsofHistoricalProjects/1-13MoreModernProjects/1-13ModernProjectManagementPractices/1-17Summary/1-18Bibliography/1-18Chapter2.ProjectManagement:ABusinessProcessoftheProject-OrientedCompanyRolandGareis2-1Abstract/2-1TheProject:ASocialConstruct/2-2ProjectManagementApproaches/2-5TheProjectManagementProcess:AnOverview/2-9ProjectManagementSubprocesses/2-12ProjectMarketing:AProjectManagementTask/2-19DesignoftheBusinessProcess“ProjectManagement”/2-21References/2-25Bibliography/2-26Chapter3.TheFutureofProjectManagement:MappingtheDynamicsofProjectManagementFieldinActionChristopheN.Bredillet3-1Abstract/3-1ProjectManagement:AKnowledgeFieldnotthatClear/3-2ProjectManagementFieldinAction/3-4SomeNoticeableTrendsfortheProjectManagementField/3-17Cleland_FM.qxd6/5/062:05PMPageiiiivCONTENTSConclusion/3-21References/3-22Chapter4.TotalLife-CycleSystemManagementJamesV.Jones4-1ProductLifeCycle/4-2AnExampleoftheTLCSMConcept/4-5OperationalEffectiveness(OE)/4-5OperationalAvailability(Ao)/4-5OperationandMaintenanceSupportRequirements/4-10CostofOwnership(Co)/4-12MakingtheFinalDecision/4-15EstablishingtheCapability/4-15Through-LifeCost/4-16TLCSMandSustainment/4-16BenefitsofTLCSM/4-18Chapter5.DevelopingMultinationalProjectTeamsAaronJ.NurickandHansJ.Thamhain5-1ManagerialChallengesinMultinationalTeamEnvironments/5-2AModelforTeamBuilding/5-6DriversandBarriersofHighTeamPerformance/5-7KeepingtheTeamFocused/5-11BuildingHigh-PerformingGlobalTeams/5-12Recommendations/5-13AFinalNote/5-16References/5-17Chapter6.RiskIdentificationandAssessmentforInternationalConstructionProjectsJohnA.Walewski,G.EdwardGibson,Jr.,andEllsworthF.Vines6-1ResearchObjectives/6-3DevelopmentoftheIpraTool/6-3RiskAssessmentWorkshops/6-4ConsistencyTest/6-7ApplicationandUseoftheIpraTool/6-9HowtoAssessaProject/6-10PhilosophyofUse/6-13Conclusions/6-14RiskManagementtoImproveProjectPerformance/6-15References/6-16Appendix6a/6-17Chapter7.ProgramManagementandProjectPortfolioManagementRolandGareis7-1Abstract/7-1TheProgram:ASocialConstruct/7-2TheProgramManagementProcess/7-3SpecificFeaturesofProgramManagement/7-5Cleland_FM.qxd6/5/062:05PMPageivClustersofProjectsandProgramsintheProject-OrientedCompany/7-12ProjectPortfolioManagement:Overview/7-13AssigningaProjectoraProgram/7-14ProjectPortfolioCoordination/7-17ProjectNetworking/7-21ManagementofProjectChains/7-23Bibliography/7-24Part2CompetencyFactorsinProjectManagement8-1Chapter8.CompetenciesofProjectManagersLynnCrawford8-3UnderstandingCompetence/8-4ProjectManagementCompetencies/8-6Performance-BasedCompetencyStandardsforProjectManagement/8-13GlobalPerformance-BasedStandardsforProjectManagers/8-16AssessingandDevelopingCompeten