元话语的评价赋值功能

2010年11月第31卷第6期外语教学ForeignLanguageEducationNov.2010Vo.l31No.6辛志英,黄国文(中山大学外国语学院广东广州510275):现有研究表明,元话语与评价资源联系密切本文认为,元话语本身虽然不具有显性的评价功能,但是它和具有评价色彩的语言资源之间的联系具有一定的语篇属性本文旨在考察学术语篇中元话语的分布及其与正值和负值语言资源之间的配置特征通过建立小型语料库,我们分析学术书评中元话语资源与正值评价和负值评价资源之间的配置关系,并描述作者如何使用元话语实现与读者恰当的社会互动分析表明,元话语具有评价赋值的功能分析同时说明,元话语是一种重要的分析书面语篇的方法:元话语;评价赋值;互动;学术书评:H030:A:10005544(2010)06000105Abstract:Thearticleholdsthatmetadiscoursedoesnotcarryevaluativemeaning,buttheconnectionbetweenmetadiscourseandevaluativeresourcesisdeterminedbygenericpropertiesofagiventexttype.Itthereforeexaminesthefrequenciesandpragmaticpurposesofmetadiscourseintherelativelyneglectedgenreofbookreviews.Basingouranalysisonasmallsizedcorpus,wedescribethemetadiscoursethathelpstoconstruepositiveandnegativeevaluation.Theanalysisshowsthatmetadiscourseconstruestheframingandassigningofevaluationsbeyondthepropositionalmeaningofdiscourseandrealizessociopragmaticfunctions,andthatmetadiscourseisanimportantapproachtowrittendiscourseanalysis.Keywords:metadiscourse;evaluationassigning;interaction;academicbookreviews1.Hyland(2005)VandeKopple(1985)Crismore(1993),,(Interpersonalmodelofmetadiscourse)(IMM),,,Hyland,,,,,,,,,,2.,HylandHyland(2005:37)(),,(),!(Hyland&Tse2004):;;,表1.元话语人际模式(IMM)(Hyland2005:49)(interactive)(transitions)(framemarkers)(endophoricmarkers)(evidentials)(codeglosses)(interactional)(hedges)(boosters)(attitudemarkers)(selfmentions)(engagementmarkers),,but,andfinallynotedaboveaccordingtosuchasmightinfactIagreeI,weconsider,noteHyland,Hyland(2005)(Thompson&The∀1∀tela1995;Hyland1998,2000,2001;Hyland&Tse2004),IMM1,IMM(),,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,(2007)3.,20,102406,JournalofPragmatics,AppliedLinguistics,Language,AcademicEnglishWritingHunston&Thompson(2000),2020,IMM,(Hyland2005:218224),,100%,;,,表2.语言学类书评中元话语与正值评价与负值评价的配置(%)(%)425812.4336720.153477.6752514.450501.0445636.478221.131692.127731.531693.4505023.6435776.42,,,50%,(14%+),(52.8%+)4.4.1交际资源的赋值功能Hyland(2005:49),,,,,,,4.1.1赋值正值评价的交际资源,,(78%)(53%);(27%),,(20,):(1)ItishighlycommendablethatThibaulthasreallyprovidedanewwayofthinkingandtalkingabouthumansemiosisbymeansofnotsomuchinterdisciplinaryastransdisciplinary(Halliday2004:xii)study.(2)AstrikingfeatureofResearchGenresisthatissuesoftheoryandmethodologyarenotjustinterrelatedindiscussion,butaregivenmimediatesubstancethroughsmallinvestigativeforaysintowaysinwhichlanguageisusedingenretexts.ReadersfamiliarwithSwales#searliervolumeintheCambridgeAppliedLinguisticsSeries,GenreAnalysis(1990),willrecogniseoneprecedentforthisscholarlyapproach.,!(Hyland2005:117),(1)(2),,,(1)Halliday,(2):1);2),,,,,∀2∀,:(3)Inshort,readingSwalesattentivelyisafertilesourceofideas.(4)Toconclude,Blommaert#sbookDiscourseisaverymiportantcontributiontothecriticalstudyoflanguage.(5)Overal,ltheeasewithwhichDevitt#swritingnavigatesthewebofauthors,terms,andconceptsingenretheoryismipressive.Hyland(2000:5253),68%,64%;,!:,,,(3)(4)(5),,;,,,,27%,,,(Miranda1996:197),,,,():(6)...thiswasverypleasingtonote(c.fforexample,CouperKuhlen#scontributiononintonationandMyhill#sarticleontypology).,4.1.2赋值负值评价的交际资源,(73%)(58%);(22%),,(7)Therearenotableomissions:thereisnomentionoftheworkonspokenEnglishcarriedoutby...,forexample,orofthechallengetothedistinctionbetweenlexisandgrammarmadebySinclairandothers,oroftheapplicationsofcorpuslinguisticstodiscoursestudiesproposedbyStubbs.(8)Itismostunfortunate,however,thatthearticlesdonot∃fit#therubricassignedtothembytheeditors.Thus,forexample,whilstHarre#sarticlecertainlydemonstratestherelevanceofdiscourseanalysisforthepracticeofsocialpsychology,itisverydifficultto...,,Hyland(2000),80%,,60%:,,(7);(8),:,,,,,:(9)Moreover,eyegazeisnotonlyusedintheagreementcontextsdiscussedinthisbook.Therefore,additionalcontextssuchas...needtobeinvestigated.(10)Itshouldbenoted,however,thatthequalityofthewritinginthiscollectionisvariableandseveralpaperswouldhavebenefitedfromfurther...,(58%),!!,,,,(9),,,,,,,,(),,:1),,Halliday(1978),,,;∀3∀,,,,2),,,(11)ThisreflectsanongoingproblemofresearchinCDA(Meyer2001).,(,)4.2互动资源的赋值功能,(Hyland2005:4950),!,,!:(White2003)4.2.1增强语与模棱语的赋值功能,;,,,,,(Hyland1998),,,,,,,,(Hyland2005:52),75%:25%;33%:67%(12)Buttheconceptualdivisionoflabour...isdefinitelyaninterestingfeature,andanindicatorthatEAPhascomesufficientlyofagetoproduceitsown...(13)...itwillsurelyprovetobeaveryusefultoo.l(14)Theseveryclearmultmiodalsynthesesareundoubtedlyamongthebestachievementsofthisbook.(15)Sometechnicalanalysisandvocabularywouldhavecertainlybeenmostwelcomeinseveralplaces(alongwithreferencestomoretechnicalworks,whicharequitescarceandvague).(12),(13)(14),,(15),,(wouldhavebeenmost),:(16)Itwouldseemdesirabletobeabletobasetheaccountoftheintersemioticmechanismonamoredirectanalysis...Hereperhapsthepossibilityof...mightbeentertained.(17)...ifthesefunctionsaretobeincludedatal,ltheyshouldcomeattheendofthediscussion.Also,eachchapterendssomewhatabruptlywithoutasynthesisofthemostmiportantresultsforthatdiscoursemarker.,,,,,,,:,,,:(18)Itsvalue,formeatleast,generallyincreasesonrereading.(19)ResearchGenresprovidesarepositoryofideasandasourceofquestions