名词

名词的数名词的所有格名词的变化可数名词不可数名词普通名词专有名词名词的分类名词专有名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词集体名词个体名词物质名词抽象名词teacher,student,deskfamily,class,peopleair,water,paperwork,time,newsProperNouns专有名词是表示人、地方、事物等特有的名词，它的第一个字母要大写。人名：Tom，Peter，MrYang地名：Europe，NewYork，People‘sSquare节日、月份、星期：Christmas，February，SaturdayProperNounsRose罗斯（姓名）——rose玫瑰花China中国——china陶瓷注意：有些单词字母的大小写不同，词义也不一样CommonNouns普通名词是一类人、物或一个抽象概念的名称。可以是具体的，如student;tree;banana;factory也可是使抽象的，如year,dream,afairytaleCollectiveNouns集体名词集体名词是同一类许多个体的集合的总称集体名词中有的是可数名词,如：family庭group;team;police有的是不可数名词,如：clothing;furniture有的集体名词通常用作复数形式Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.Domesticcattleprovideuswithmilk,beef,andhides常见的同类词汇有：police警察vermin害虫cattle牲畜poultry家禽有的集体名词只能用作单数形式。这类词汇属不可数名词。Ourclothingprotectsusfromcold.Thenthefurniturewasmovedin.常见同类词汇：mankind人类;furniture家具;foliage植物;clothing衣服;machinery机械;merchandise货物;有些集体名词可单数也可复数Hisfamilyarewaitingforhim.I'vegottomakeitclearthatmyfamilywasverypoor.army军队;enemy敌人;media媒体;family家庭;committee委员会;flock羊群;party政党;compan公司;government政府;public公众;couple对、双;group组;staff全体职员;crew全体人员;herd牧群;team队MaterialNouns物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质。通常是不可数名词，但是表示不同的类别时，可用复数。air空气;ink墨水;rice大米;cloth布abstractnouns抽象名词指动作、状态、性质、感情等抽象概念。advice建议news新闻honesty诚实happiness幸福progress进步behavior行为;harm伤害;work工作;importance重要性;courage勇气;health健康;information信息;wealth财富knowledge知识有些物质名词也可用作个体名词，glass玻璃－aglass玻璃杯iron铁－aniron熨斗copper铜－acopper铜币tin锡－atin洋铁罐paper纸－apaper报纸，证件wood木头－awood树林flowerflowers找规律bookbooks一般情况词尾加—s浊辅音和元音后读[z]清辅音后读[s]cupcupsfactoriesbabybabiesfactory以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为I，再加—es读[z]。以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，词尾加—s，读[z]。boyboysleafwolfwolvesleavesknifeknives以fe或f结尾的词变f为v再加—s或—es读，[vz]。watchesboxesbusesbrushes以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词加es可变成复数形式.peachesbuses语法:以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词加es可变成复数形式.boxesbrushes找规律tomatoespotatoesheroesnegroesradiosphotos找规律zoospianos不规则变化child--childrenwoman--womenman--mengoose--geesemouse--micefoot--feetdeersheepdeer，sheep，fish，li，jin，yuanmu,Japanese,Chinese等的单复数同形,.Yuan国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德国人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedesdollarsmeterspounds与众不同scissorsshoespantsglasseschopsticksabottleofjuiceaglassoforangetwoboxesofmilk不可数名词名词可充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语等等TheGreatWallstandsfortheoldchina.LiWeikangandMariaarestudents.Look!Theyareplayingbasketball.Abananatreeisinfrontofourteachingbuilding.Wethestudentsarehelpingtheoldlady.Thehadsupperatthathotel.名词所有格一、有生命的名词所有格：’s+名词“的”a.当名词不是s结尾时，用’sLucy’shair/mymother’sbaglucy的头发/我妈妈的袋子b.当名词是s结尾时，则用s’students’reading–room学生们的阅览室workers’club工人俱乐部注意：Women’sDay妇女节Children’sDay儿童节Teachers’Day教师节c.表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词，加’s构成所有格fiveminutes’walk=afive-minutewalkeightmiles’journey=an8-milejourneyd.双重所有格:of+名词所有格/of+名词性的物主代词afriendofmine,anoldphotoofmyfather’s.e.共同所有格与个体所有格：共有的东西,所有格也共有;分开的东西,所有格也分开.She’sTomandJim’smother.(同一个母亲)They’reTom’sandJim’smothers.(各自的母亲)二、表示无生命的名词所有格用“of“教室的门thedooroftheclassroom山顶thetopofthehill树叶theleavesofthetree社会的发展Thedevelopmentofthesociety书的封面Thecoverofabook看例题识所有格1.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.BeijingisChina’scapital.2.ThisisMaryandhersister’sbedroom.BobandLucy’ssisterisanurse.……的3.TheseareTom’sandLily’sbags.4.Sheisthetwoboys’mother.5.thedooroftheroomtheleavesofthetree6.thegirl’sname=thenameofthegirl7.Heisafriendofmybrother’s.1.Isthis____book?A.LileiB.Lilei’sC.lileis’2.Thisis_____car.A.SmithB.Smith’sC.Smiths’3.Therearesome_____inthepark.A.manteachersB.menteacherC.menteachersD.boysstudents4.That’smy_________.A.brother’sandsister’sbikeB.brotherandsister’sbikeC.brother’sandsister’sbikes5.Ittakesme____walktogotoschoolA.fiveminutes’B.fiveminute’sC.fiveminutesBBCBA看我“七十二变”friendfriendlylovelovely常具有赞美的意味carehelpcolorfulcloudsunwindrainhealthy表示充满……的dangerous具有……的性质carehopeless没有……的wood---woodenwool---woolenChina---ChineseChineseJapan---JapaneseJapaneseAustralia---AustralianEnglish形容词指点迷津1.Tenyears______(is,are)shorttimeforme.2.Apairofshoes______(is,are)underthebed.3.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool_____(is,are)2,000.4.Thewomanwithtwochildren______(is,are)cominghere.5.NeitherhenorI_____(are,am)anAmerican.isisisisam指点迷津6.Maths______(are,is)hardtolearnfortheboy.7.Theyareall_______________(woman,teachers;womenteachers).8.ThepopulationofChina_______(are,is)over1,300,000,000.9.Therearemany______(peoples,people)inthestreetinsummer.10.Oneofthestudents______(have,has)gonetoShanghai.isiswomenteacherspeoplehas1.Several_____aretalkingunderthetree．Andtheyare______.A．woman;childrenB．woman;childC．women;children2.—Howfarisyourschoolfromhere？—Notveryfar．It'sabouttwentywalk.A．minute'sB．minutesC．minutes'3.Therearethreeinmyfamily.A.peopleB.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.education