2011年高考英语语法复习教案-倒装句和省略句

第1页共7页高考语法专题：倒装句和省略句考纲新研读倒装句1.全部倒装全部倒装是指整个谓语放到主语的前面，即谓语在前，主语在后。有下列几种：(1)therebe(lie,stand,live...)句型。therebe是谓语，其后的名词是主语。Therearedifferentformsofenergy.Onthetopofthemountaintherestandsanoldtemple.Onceuponatime,therelivedapoorfisherman.(2)在以here,there,out,in,up,down,away，now，then等开头的句子中。Theregoesthebell.Herecomesthebus.Outrushedtheboy.Awaywentthechildren.Thedooropenedandthereenteredamiddle-agedman.【注意】主语是人称代词时不倒装。例如：Hereitis.给你。Awayhewent.他走了。(3)直接引语在句首。“Whatdoesitmean?”askedtheboy.(4)为了使句子保持平衡，有时需要倒装。Nearbyweretwocanoesinwhichtheyhadcometotheisland.Onthewindingpathweretobefoundfootprintsofsomestrangeanimals.2.部分倒装即将谓语的一部分提到主语之前。相当于变为一般疑问句中的谓语。是倒装句的重点,也是高考考查的热点之一。部分倒装主要有以下几种情况：(1)Only+状语在句首：OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.【注意】如果only后没有状语，即使在句首也不倒装。例如：Onlyadoctorcandoit.(2)否定副词在句首。这类副词主要有：hardly,seldom,little,not,第2页共7页nor,neither,notonly...butalso,nosooner...than,hardly...when，innotime等。Littledoeshecareaboutwhatothersthink.Notasinglemistakedidhemake.NevershallIforgetit.HardlyhadIreachedthebusstopwhenthebusstarted.NosoonerhadIreachedhomethanitbegantorain.NotuntilhecamebackdidIleave.Atnotimeshouldyouleaveyourpost.(3)由so引起的表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人(或东西)或由neither/nor引起的表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句型：Sheisateacher.Soisherbrother.Youcandrive.SocanI.Shecan’tdothework.Neither/NorcanI.注意：如果是重复相同的意思，不倒装。例如：—Itwascoldyesterday.—Soitwas.(4)so...that句型，如果so在句首。Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.Soshallowwasthewaterthattherewerenofishinthelake.(5)省略了if的虚拟条件句。HadIbeeninformedearlier,Icouldhavedonesomething.Shouldanyonecall,tellhimtowaitformehere.WereInotengagedinmypresentwork,Iwouldbequitewillingtodowhatyouaskmeto.3.只把表语、宾语、状语提到句首。这类倒装既不是全部倒装，又不同于部分倒装，只把表语、宾语、状语提到句首，谓语动、词并不倒装。(1)as引导让步状语从句：Youngasheis,heisverybrave.Childasheis,heknowsalot.(2)however与nomatterhow引导的让步状语从句：Howevergreatthedifficultymaybe,wewon’tloseheart.(3)感叹句：Whatawarmwelcometheyreceived!Howfastheran!(4)themore...themore句型：Thefartherawayathingis,thesmalleritlooks.第3页共7页省略句1.省略主语：(I)Haven’tseenyouforages.(It)Doesn’tmatter.(It)Lookslikerain.2.省略谓语或谓语的一部分：(Isthere)Anythingyouwant?(Is)Anythingthematter?(Does)Anybodyneedhelp?(Are)Youhungry?3.省略宾语：—Whichofthemisthebetterchoice?—Well,it’shardtotell(it).—WhereisGeorge?—Idon’tknow(whereheis).4.省略主语和谓语：Whatapity(itis)youcan’tgotothelecture.(I’m)Sorry！(I’m)AfraidIcan’tcome.—Didyoulikethefilm?—Oh,verymuch.5.省略不定式：Hedidn’tcome,thoughwehadinvitedhimto(come).6.简单句中的省略,对话中最普遍。—Willyoujoinus?—Ishouldloveto.—Areyoutired?—Notvery.—WhatmadeTomunhappy？—Losingthematch.—Iwenttoanexhibitionthismorning.—Withwhom?Hopetohearfromyousoon.Anybodyagainstit?7.复合句中的省略：—Didyouknowanythingaboutit?—Notuntilyoutoldme.—ShallImakeacopyofit?—Yes,iftimepermits.—Ishecomingbacktonight?—Iguessso.第4页共7页—Shemaynotbefreetoday.—Ifso,we’llhavetoputthemeetingoff.8.在状语从句中也有省略现象：When(itis)completed,thepowerstationwillsupplyenoughelectricity.If(itis)necessary,I’llgotheremyself.Shetoldthechildrennottotalkwhile(theywere)eating.Anyone,nomatterwho(heis),maypointoutourshortcomings.9.并列句中的省略：后面分句与前句相同的部分，可省略。Iworkinafactoryandmybrother(works)onafarm.Myroomisonthesecondfloorandhis,onthethird.HemajorsinEnglishandIinFrench.高考新剖析1.Hearingthedogbarkingfiercely,away____________.［2009年高考上海卷］A.fleeingthethiefB.wasfleeingthethiefC.thethiefwasfleeingD.fledthethief2.—Shallwehaveourpicnictomorrow?—____________itdoesn’train.［2009年高考山东卷］A.UntilB.WhileC.OnceD.IfDD3.Neverinmywildestdreams____________thesepeoplearelivinginsuchpoorconditions.A.IcouldimagineB.couldIimagineC.Icouldn’timagineD.couldn’tIimagine4.Itwasannouncedthatonlywhenthefirewasundercontrol____________toreturntotheirhomes.［2008年高考江西卷］A.theresidentswouldbepermittedB.hadtheresidentsbeenpermittedC.wouldtheresidentsbepermittedD.theresidentshadbeenpermitted5.—Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?—Theboss,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorder____________.［2008年高考福建卷］A.astoldB.asaretoldC.astellingD.astheytoldBC第5页共7页A6.—Howwastheteleviseddebatelastnight?—Super!Rarely____________somuchmediaattention.A.adebateattractedB.didadebateattractC.adebatedidattractD.attractedadebate7.IhavebeenlivingintheUnitedStatesfortwentyyears,butseldom____________solonelyasnow.A.haveIfeltB.IhadfeltC.IhavefeltD.hadIfelt8.____________homeworkdidwehavetodothatwehadnotimetotakearest.A.SomuchB.ToomuchC.ToolittleD.Solittle9.—It’sburninghottoday,isn’tit?—Yes.____________yesterday.A.SowasitB.SoitwasC.SoitisD.SoisitBAAA10.Little____________wewerewatchinghiseverymove,soheseemedtobegoinghisownwayinthisbusiness.A.herealizedB.hedidn’trealizeC.didn’therealizeD.didherealize精题新探究1.—Wehavemanagedtoputoutthefire.—But,____________wecan’tbetoocareful.A.eventhoughB.evensoC.thereforeD.so2.Youmaytakethemallhome____________.A.ifpossibleB.ifcanC.ifimpossibleD.ifyouarepossible3.Water,____________enough,canchangeintovaporquickly.A.whenheatedB.whileheatingC.whentobeheatedD.whenisheatedDBAA4.—ShouldIlookupeachwordthatIdon’tunderstand?第6页共7页—No,turntoyourdictionaryonlywhen____________.A.youarenecessaryB.youn