高考一轮复习英语课件：句子成分和五种基本句型-共46页

练习:翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型1.太阳升起来了。(rise)2.她喜欢看书。3.他的脸红了。(turnred)4.我给他看我的照片。5.他们把门漆成绿色。(paint)练习:翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型1.太阳从东方升起来了。(rise)2.她喜欢看书。3.他的脸红了。(turnred)4.我给他看我的照片。5.他们把门漆成绿色。(paint)Thesunhasrisenintheeast.Sheenjoysreading.Hisfaceturnedred.Ishowedhimmypictures.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分：1.主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人”，“什么事”.通常由名词,代词,动词不定式,动名词来充当.1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playingfootballafterschoolisgreatfun.主谓宾定状补表2.谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词充当.1.theyworkveryhard.2.Tomfeelsmuchbetternow.(系动词:表示状态,后面往往接形容词is,am,areseem,get,turn,sound,smell,look,tase,become)△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Theyareplayingoverthere.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.3.表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.Mysisterisanurse.Thetreesturngreen.Theflowerisbeautiful.Toseeistobelieve.Thereasonwhyherabsenceisthatheisill3.宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在及物动词或介词后面.由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词和宾语从句构成.1.WestudyEnglish.2.Isawhimyesterday.3.Hewantedtohaveapen.4.Shelikesplayingbasketball.5.Ourteachersaidthathewouldgothere.△双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。Hegavemetwobooks.4.定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词.形容词,形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,介词短语,不定代词,从句等.1、Thisisaredcar.2、Thebuildingistheirteachingbuilding.3、Thewomandoctorismywife.4、Ihavesomethingtotellyou.5、ThemaninfrontofthegateisMr.Li.6、EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.7、Iknowtheboywhoisplayingbasketballontheplayground.5.状语:说明动作或状态特征修饰用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子.副词,介词短语,动词不定式,以及after,when,assoonas,until,if,before等引起的从句.Youarequiteright.Theyoftendrawinthepark.WecamehereinordertolearnEnglish.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.6.宾补：补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）宾语+宾补叫复合宾语，复合宾语有以下几种类型：1名词（代词）+不定式2名词（代词）+分词3名词（代词）+名词4名词（代词）+形容词1名词（代词）+不定式Johnaskedmetohelphim.Lethimgohome.Isawhercomeoutoftheroom.名词（代词）+分词（现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）Ifoundhimstandingatthegate.Shecouldfeelherheartbeatingviolently.Hespokeslowlyinordertomakehimselfunderstood.Hespokeloudlyinordertomakehimselfheard.名词（代词）+名词（作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加the.)TheyappointedherheadoftheEnglishDepartment.Theymadehimcaptainoftheship.名词（代词）+形容词Wemustkeeptheroomclean.Wefoundherbusy.Ifoundthestoryinteresting.英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)简单句(simplesentence)A.只包含一个主谓结构Maryopenedthedoor.B.两个主语和一个谓语Steveandhisfriendarecomingtodinner.C.一个主语和两个谓语Maryopenedthedoorandgreetedtheguests.简单句的五种基本句型1主语+谓语（不及物动词）（S+Vi型）Hecame.Shedances.•翻译练习：•1.你应当努力学习。•2.她昨天回家很晚。•3.那天早上我们谈了很多。•4.会议将持续两个小时。•5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。•6.每天八时开始上课。•7.这个盒子重五公斤。•8.五年前我住在北京。•9.爱丽丝很会游泳。•10.他祖父昨晚去世了。•11.秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。•12.我的奶奶早晨起得很早。•13.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。•1.Youshouldstudyhard.•2.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening/lastnight.•3.Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal/alot.•4.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.•5.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.•6.Classesbeginateighteveryday.•7.Thisboxweighsfivekilos.•8.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.•(IhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears)•9.Aliceswimsverywell.•10.Hisgrandpadiedlastweek.•11.Inautumn,somebirdsflytothesouth.•12.Mygrandmothergetsupearlyinthemorning.•13.Everyafternoonalotofstudentscometothelibrarytoborrowbooks.2主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(S+Vt+O)Isawher.TheylikewatchingTV.•1,昨晚我写了一封信。•2,今天下午我想同你谈谈。•3，这本书他读过多次了。•4，他们成功地完成了计划。•5，你们必须在两周内看完这些书。•6，那位先生能流利地说三种语言。•7,我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。•8,Jim还不会自己穿衣服。•9,我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。•10,他不知道说什麽好。•11,他每天早晨洗冷水澡。•12,我开窗户你在意吗？•参考答案：•1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.•6.Thatgentlemancanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.7.IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.8.Jimcannotdresshimself.9.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.10.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.11.Hetakesacoldbatheverymorning.12.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?3主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+IO+DO)(IOindirect)Igaveherabook.Sheshowedherfriendsallthepictures.•汉译英练习双宾语结构•说明：•由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。如，•Hebringsmecookieseveryday.•Shemademeabeautifuldress.•但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如，•Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.•Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.•用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。•用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。•常跟双宾语的动词有：•（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等。•（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,等。4主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)Iamastudent.Shelooksveryyoung.•翻译练习：•1．Johnson先生去年教我们德语。•2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。•3.Mary把钱包交给校长了。•4.请把那本字典递给我好吗？•5.他把车票给列车员看。•6.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。•7.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。•8.RobinsonCrusoe给自己做了一只小船。•9.请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？•10.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？•11.新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。•翻译练习：•1．Johnson先生去年教我们德语。•2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。•3.Mary把钱包交给校长了。•4.请把那本字典递给我好吗？•5.他把车票给列车员看。MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.Maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.•6.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。•7.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。•8.RobinsonCrusoe给自己做了一只小船。•9.请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？•10.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？•11.新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。ThistermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.RobinsonCrusoemadehimselfaboat.Willyoupleasegetmeanewcopy?ShallIcallyouataxi?Thenewmachinewillsa