英语句子结构课件..

英语的句子结构S(subject)－主语V(verbalphrase)－谓语P(predicative)－表语O(object)－宾语Oi－间接宾语Od－直接宾语C(complement)－补语英语的句子结构简单句并列句复合句*几个简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来构成并列句;*几个简单句可通过各种方式组合成含有主句和从句的复合句。简单句SVSVPSVOSVOiOdSVOC简单句的五种句型1）SV主语＋谓语eg.Thetelephonerang.Hisfathermighthavedied.2)SVP主语＋谓语＋表语eg.Theplansoundsperfect.Frankisanartist.3)SVO主语＋谓语＋宾语eg.Isawabird.Mysisterenjoyedtheplay.简单句的五种句型4）SVOiOd主语＋谓语+间接宾语＋直接宾语eg.TheladygaveJackawatch.Myfatherboughtmeabicycle.5)SVOC主语＋谓语＋宾语＋补语eg.Theycalledhimafool.Shefoundthechildrenfastasleep.*在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到谓语!*做谓语的动词有时态、语态和数的变化；还有及物动词与不及物动词的区别。Ex:Findoutthepredicateineachsentence.1.Thesouptastesgood.2.TheboyisinterestedinplayingPCgames.3.Thebossmadetheworkersworklonghours.4.Hepractisesplayingthepianoeveryday.5.Theyhadfinishedthejobwhenthebosscame.6.Recordeverywordyouhear.7.Hedidn’tturntomeforhelp.*在英语简单句中，只能有而且（一般情况下）必须有一个谓语部分！句子成分的构成句子的主干成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语句子的次要成分：定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语句子成分的构成主语可以用以下这些表示：1.名词；2.代词；3.数词；4.动名词；5.不定式；6.词组或复合结构；7.从句；8.名词化的其他词类。eg:Aforeignlanguageisaweaponinthestruggleoflife.Whoisspeaking,please?ThisisJackspeaking.Twowillbeenough.Smokingisverydangerous.Toseeistobelieve.Whetherwe’llgodependsontheweather.“A”isanarticle.一、主语二、表语表语跟在be动词和系动词之后，可以用下面这些东西表示：1.名词；2.代词；3.数词；4.形容词；5.分词；6.动名词；7.不定式；8.副词；9.介词短语；10.词组；11.从句。如：Themassesaretherealheroes.That’ssomethingwehavealwaystokeepinmind.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.Timeispressing.Let’shurryup.AllIcoulddowassendinghimatelegram.Wemustbeoffnow.Myideaisthatweshouldsticktoouroriginalplan.三、宾语宾语跟在及物动词后，有直接间接之分，可以用下面这些东西表示：1.名词；2.代词；3.数词；4.动名词；5.不定式；6.复合结构；7.从句；8.名词化的形容词及其他词类，如：Shediedaheroicdeath.Theydidn’tpromisehimanythingdefinite.Howmanydoyouwant?Weneedtwo.Payattentiontounitingandworkingwithcomradeswhodifferwithyou.Learntoplaythepiano.I’llgetitstamped.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?Hegavemeanewpencil.Hegaveanewpenciltome.四、定语定语起类似于形容词的修饰作用，可以用下面这些东西表示：1.形容词；2.代词；3.数词；4.名词或名词所有格；5.分词；6.不定式；7.介词短语；8.副词；9.词组或合成词；10.从句（即定语从句）。如：Hiswordsmovedeveryonepresent.Webelongtothethirdworld.WemustliveuptotheParty’sexpectations.Thisisindeedamostpressingproblem.Therearetwothingstobediscussedtoday.Heisamanofgoodtemper.Isawabirdwhichwaseatingaworminthetree.五、状语状语类似于副词，可以用下面这些东西表示1.副词；2.介词短语；3.不定式；4.分词；5.形容词；6.词组；7.复合结构；8.从句，如：Theyweregreatlytouchedtoheartheoldman’sstory.Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboy’slife.Isaiditinfun.Theyallrushedover,eagertohelp.Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.Hecameupshoulderingaspade.Wecompletedtheworkfivedaysaheadoftime.(词组)Seeingthis,somestudentsbecameveryworried.(分词)Heenteredtheroom,hisnoseredwithcold.(复合结构)并列句与复合句*几个简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来构成并列句．这样的连接词有:1)表示意义延伸的并列连词：and,notonly…but(also),neither…nor2)表示选择概念的并列连词:or,either…or,3)表示转折的并列连词:but,while,however,etc.4)表示原因的:foreg:1)Asisreported,atradeagreementwassignedandaculturalexchangewasarranged.2)Notonlyishehimselfinterestedinthesubjectbutallhisstudentsarebeginningtoshowaninterestinit.3）Dr.Fisherneitherlovestheenvironment,norisheaccustomedtotheweather.*几个简单句可通过各种方式组合成含有主句和从句的复合句。构成从属关系的复杂句包括名词性分句(可以作主语、宾语、同位语、主语补语）、定语分句、状语分句。实际应用II.Choosethebestanswers：1.____someofthisjuice—perhapsyou’lllikeit.(’00春季)A.TryingB.TryC.TotryD.Havingtried实际应用I2.Hesentmeane-mail,____togetfurtherinformation.(’00上海)A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope实际应用I3._____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(’01春招)A.SleepB.SleepingC.TosleepD.Havingslept实际应用I4._____atthedoorbeforeentering,please.(’01春招)A.KnockedB.ToknockC.KnockingD.Knock实际应用I5._____bloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.(’01上海）A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.Togive实际应用I6.Themanager,____hisfactory’sproductswerepoorinquality,decidedtogivehisworkersfurthertraining.(’03春招）A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.beingknown实际应用I7.Itisbelievedthatifabookis____,itwillsurely_____thereader.(’03上海)A.interested;interestB.interesting;beinterestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest实际应用I8.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage_____thegirlandtookheraway,____intothewoods.(’04上海)A.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing实际应用I9.Theflowers____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.(’04上海)A.tosmellB.smellingC.smellD.tobesmelt实际应用I10.–Englishhasalargevocabulary,hasn’tit?--Yes,_____morewordsandexpressionsandyou’llfinditeasiertoreadandcommunicate.(’04上海)A.KnowB.KnowingC.ToknowD.Known实际应用I11.ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures____inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.(’04广西)A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed实际应用IIII.Correctthemistakesinthesentences.(Eachsentencehasonlyonemistake.)1.MyparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.(’01全国)to2.Hesaidhewasbusy.Thatis,agameoftennismakinghimverybusy.(’02北京)made实际应用II3.Rememberingnottoshoutatthem.(’02北京)Remember4.Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.(’02全国)when5.IwassotiredthatIfeltasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.(’02全国)实际应用II6.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChinese.(’03全国)7.OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.(’03全国)it8.Cleverassheis,butsheworksveryhard.(’04福建)实际应用II9.Idreamofstandingontheplatformintheclassr