水生物处理课件(处理后)

Biologyforwaterandwastewatertreatment(水处理生物学)2008~2009学年第二学期Contents：Chapter1IntroductionChapter2Ordinarymicroorganism(微生物）seeninwaterandwastewatertreatmentChapter3Metabolism（代谢）andgrowthofmicroorganismChapter4MicrobialecologyChapter5ThefunctionofmicroorganisminmaterialcycleofnaturemetabolismChapter6Microorganism’shurttowatersandthemethodsofcontrollingitChapter7Microorganism’sactioninenvironmentalmonitoringandanalysis(分析)Chapter8MicrobialmethodsandcharactersinwatertreatmentChapter9Thefunctionofbigaquatics(水生动物)、waterplants（Hydrophytes）(水生植物)inwatertreatment.Keywords:Chapter1IntroductionautotrophicmicroorganismbiologicdiversityecologyfungiheterotrophicbacteriabacteriaecosystemproducermicroorganismVirusvariationaerobicanaerobic§1.1Thebasictheoryofecology(生态学）Atreealltreesalllife+environment（energy，sunlight，temperature,soil,etc）Individual个体Population种群Community群落Ecosystem生态系统Biosphere生物圈1、Ecosystem1）Definition:Ecosystemisanaturalentitymadeupoflifeandsurrounding,thetwocommunicateeachotherthroughenergyflowandmaterialcycle.Itisachangeable,openingsystem.SketchmapofecosystemandmaterialcycleEnvironment2)Structureandfunction：（1）Primaryproductivity:captureandstoreenergy.6CO2+12H2OC6H12O6(glucose)+6O2+6H2O（2）Itformsfoodchainandfoodweb.Producers（greenplants）Primaryconsumer（herbivores）Secondaryconsumer(carnivores)Decayorganisms（microorganism）sunstraw,leafbodybodyrespirationLook（3）Thereareenergyflowintheecosystem.（4）Allkindsofinformation,suchasthephysical,chemicalandbiological,betransferredinecosystem.3)EcosystembalanceWhenaecosystemmatures,itsstructureandfunctionachievesacomparativelysteadystate.（1）Thecauseofbalance：Thereisaself-feedback(反馈）,self-adjustingaction.eagleshumansnakesfrogsmicebirdspestsriceotherplants（2）Ecosystemunbalance(失衡).Theabilityofself-regulationislimited,ifsomeman-madefactorsdestroyecosystem’sstructureandenvironment,itwillappearecosystemunbalance.（3）Approachestokeepecosystembalance----studyecosystem’scomposition,structure,keepitsintegrality,anyclassofthewholeorsomekindlifecannotbebrokenatman’spleasure；----protectbiologicaldiversity(生物多样性）；----suitablyexploreandusetheresources;----controlenvironmentalpollution,provideagoodenvironmentforecosystem.4)Microorganism’simportanteffectinecosystem(1)Effectinnaturalmattercycle(A)Autotrophicmicroorganism(自养微生物),theprimaryproducer,canchangeinorganic(无机的)mattersintotheorganic.(B)Heterotrophicbacteria(异养微生物)aremaindecomposeroforganisminnature；itcandecomposecompletelythenaturalmatter.(2)Effectinenergyflow①Autotrophicmicroorganismcancaptureandturnsolarenergyintobiochemicalenergy；②Heterotrophicbacteriadecomposeorganiccompounds，releasebiochemicalenergyandtakepartinecosystem’sactivity。Inaword,therewerenottoday'slifeandmoderncivilizationwithoutmicroorganism.Doyouknowwhy?§1.2Definition,contentsandaim1、microorganism1)Definition:microbe(microorganism)isamemberofalarge,extremelydiverse,groupoforganismsthatarelumpedtogether,aresosmallthatcannotbeseenwithoutmicroscope,includingsmallplantsandcreatures（动物）.little(individual)bacteria:µm;virus:nm2)Basicpointslow（statusofevolution）simple(structure）no-celltypeprocaryoteeucaryote(非细胞类)(原核生物)（真核生物）virus(病毒)bacteria(细菌)fungi(真菌)3)Commonness(1)Itissmallinbulk，thesurfaceisbig.(2)Itcanabsorbalotofmatter,andtransformquickly.(3)Itincreasesfastinvolumeandweight,anditsmultiplication(繁殖)issoquickthatabacteriacanproducemanygenerationsinshorttime,forexample:Thecoliform(大肠杆菌),anindividualdividesoncein12.5-20min.After24hrs,thememberofitsgenerationsis4.7223665*1015.After48hrs,thetotalweightofanindividual’sgenerationis4000timesthatoftheearth。(4)Ithasabilityofquickvariation(变异),andcanacclimatizetosurrounding.(5)Ithasalotofspecies(种类)innature,thereareabout100000kindsknownintheworld.itexistseverywhereallaroundtheworld.4)HowtogivemicroorganismnameKingdomDivisionClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies界门纲目科属种EschesichiacoliformCastllaniandChalmers(属名)(种名)(定名者)5)Biologyforwaterandwastewatertreatment(environmentalengineering):Itisabranchofsciencetostudytheinterrelationshipbetweenenvironmentforhumanbeingsurvivalandbiology(microorganism),especially,thegoodandbadaffectofmicroorganism’sactivityonenvironment,italsodescribestheknowledgeusedinenvironmentengineering.（1）Tostudythestructure,functionofbiologicalcommunity;（2）Tostudymicroorganismhowtodecomposeandtransformpollutants;（3）Tostudymicroorganism’seffectonpollutionanddestructiontoenvironment;（4）Tostudythewaytousemicroorganismasthemeasureandguideline(指标)forenvironmentalmonitoring;（5）Tostudythetreatmentof“waterpollutants”withmicrobiologicalmethods(includingengineering).Chapter2Ordinarymicroorganism(微生物）seeninwaterandwastewatertreatmentKeywords:Actinomycete放射菌cellwallCocci球菌spirillummini-metazoa后生动物Capsule荚膜Pilus纤毛Protoplast原生质photosynthesisSpore芽孢enzymeZoogloea菌胶团Algae藻类Colony群体Flagella鞭毛Eelworm线虫aminoacid氨基酸Bacilli杆菌Ciliate纤毛虫Chlorophyll叶绿素Propagation繁殖bluebacteriaRotifer轮虫virus1、Bacteria(细菌)1)Cellularshape(1)Cocci(2)Bacilli(3)SpirillumArcbacterium(4)Threadlikebacteria2、Cellularityofbacteria(细胞结构)1)Basiccellularity(细胞结构)§2