现在完成时讲解及专项练习

现在完成时讲解一、基本结构助动词have/has+过去分词(done)二、句型否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语：Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定)No,主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定)三、用法1、现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果Ihavespentallofmymoney(sofar).(含义：现在我没有钱花了.)GuoZijunhas(just/already)come.(含义：郭子君现在在这儿)Myfatherhasgonetowork.(含义是：我爸爸现在不在这儿)2、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）,常与for+时间段,since+时间点或过去时的句子连用.①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点③since+时段+ago④since+从句⑤Itis+时段+since+从句过去时eg.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.四、hasgone(to),hasbeen(to),hasbeen(in)的区别Have/Hasgone(to):去了(现在不在说话现场)eg：A：Whereisyourfather?B：HehasgonetoShanghai.Have/Hasbeen(to):去过（已不在去过的地方）eg：MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai.Have/hasbeenin呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）eg：MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths/sincetwomonthsago.五、现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:*以already,just和yet为标志Hehasalreadygotherhelp.他已得到她的帮助。Hehasjustseenthefilm.他刚刚看过这场电影。Hehasn'tcomebackyet.他还没有回来。*以ever和never为标志ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。HehasneverbeentoBeijing.他从没有到过北京。*以动作发生的次数为标志HesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他说他已经去过美国三次了。*以sofar+到目前为止为标+beforeHehasgottoBeijingsofar.到目前为止他已到了北京。Shehaspassedtheexamsofar.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。*①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点(过去从句)为标志注意1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;2)不能与when连用，现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用六、过去分词1、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)一般动词在词尾直接加“ed”。work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited(2)以“e”结尾的动词只在词尾加“d”。live---lived---lived,(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词将y变为i再加“ed”。study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried(4)重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”。stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped2、不规则动词（需个别记忆）七、瞬间动词(buy,die,join,come,go,leave,join…)不能直接与forsince连用,要改变动词：buy----haveborrow-----keepcome/arrive/reach/getto-----begoout----beoutleave----beawaybegin-----beonfinish----beoveropen----beopenclose-----becloseddie----bedead(死)a）用延续性动词代替非延续性动词★1、have代替buy：Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.★2、用keep或have代替borrow：Ihavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.★3、用be替代become：Howlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?★4、用haveacold代替catchacold：Tomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.★5、用wear代替putonb)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词1、bemarried代marry2、beill代fall(get)ill3、bedead代die4、beasleep代fall(get)asleep5、beawake代wake/wakeup6、begone代lose,die,sell,leave7、beopen代open8、beclosed代close/shut9、bemissing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be+副词”代终止性动词1、“beon”代start,begin2“beup”代getup3“beback(to)”代returnto,comebackto,gobackto4“behere(there)”代come(arrive,reach,get)here或go(arrive,reach,get)there等等d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词1.“bein/at+地点”代替goto/cometo2.用beinthearmy代替jointhearmy3.“bein/at+地点”代替moveto常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表1.havearrivedat/insw（某处）.gotto/reachedsw.come/gone/movedtosw.→havebeeninsw./at„相应的介词2.havecome/goneback/returned→havebeenback3.havecome/goneout→havebeenout4.havebecome→havebeen5.haveclosed/opened→havebeenclose/open6.havegotup→havebeenup7.havedied→havebeendead8.haveleftsw.→havebeenawayfromsw9.havefallenasleep/gottosleep→havebeenasleep10.havefinished/ended/completed→havebeenover11.havemarried→havebeenmarried12.havestarted/beguntodosth.→havedonesth.13.havebegun→havebeenon14.haveborrowed/bought→havekept/had15.havelost→haven’thad16.haveputon→haveworn17.havecaught/getacold→havehadacold18.havegottoknow→haveknown19.have/hasgoneto→havebeenin20.havejoined/havetakenpartintheleague/theParty/thearmy→havebeenamemberof/havebeenin/havebeentheParty’smember/theleaguemember/thesoldier„现在完成时专项练习题1.Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey______what'shappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow2.Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still3.HaveyoumetMrLi______？A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago4.Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten5.—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.A.haschangedwellB.changedgoodC.haschangedbetterD.changedbetter6.ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.wasstudyingB.willstudyC.hasstudiedD.arestudying7.We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew8.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I______ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see9.—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone10.—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.A.DiddofinishedB.HavedonefinishedC.HavedonehavefinishedD.willdofinish11.Hisfather______thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin12.—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade13.—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived14.Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began15.It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.isB.hasC.willD.was16.MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen17.Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen18.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.hav