英语必修五unit1语法

Book5Unit1Grammar过去分词做表语、定语RevisionV-ingform一、动词-ing形式作表语1表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语Herjobiskeepingtheclassroomascleanaspossible.(=Keepingtheclassroomascleanaspossibleisherjob)2表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing相当一个形容词）Thestoryisquiteinteresting.Thisbookisveryboring.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing,amusing,boring,confusing,disappointing,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising等。二、动词-ing形式作定语1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。areadingroom=aroomforreading②在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。anordinary-lookinghouse看起来很普通的房子=ahousethatlooksordinaryasleepingboy正在睡觉的男孩=aboywhoissleeping2.作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。Doyouknowtheboyplayingbasketball?（=whoisplayingbasketball)你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？Thepastparticipleasattribute&predicative1.过去分词知多少1.惊恐的人们2.预留的座位3.被污染的水4.拥挤的教室5.打碎的花瓶6.关了的门7.疲惫的观众1.terrified/astonishedpeople2.reservedseats3.pollutedwater4.acrowdedroom5.abrokenvase6.acloseddoor7.thetiredaudience2.摸底测验1.Thepainterlookedso______(tire)afterworkingforawholeday.2.Iwas_____________(disappoint)withthefilmIsawlastnight.Ihadexpectedittobebetter.3.Everybodyisreally_______(excite)aboutthenewOlympicstadiums.4.Hiswoundbecame________(infect)withanewvirus.tireddisappointedexcitedinfected单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s.3.过去分词作定语位置一、过去分词作定语1、及物动词的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义。eg：ausedstampaninjuredfinger注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。e.g.：spokenEnglish英语口语writtenexercises书面练习少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义fallenleaves落叶therisensun升起来的太阳areturnedstudent一名留学生aretiredteacher一名退休教师anescapedprisoner一名逃跑的囚犯2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和／或完成意义。e.g.：ThebookswrittenbyLuXunarepopular．鲁迅写的书很受欢迎We’llgotovisitthebridgebuilthundredsofyearsago．我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。Practice:ChangethefollowingPastParticipleintoclauses.1）Thequestiondiscussedwasveryimportant.=Thequestion________________________wasveryimportant.whichhadbeendiscussed注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。2）TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.=TheUnitedStatedisacountry______________________.whichhasdeveloped注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA①过去分词做定语：表被动，表完成。②现在分词作定语：表主动，表进行。③不定式作定语：表示将要发生的动作。TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.区别1FallingleavesFallenleaves区别21.Fallingleaves2.Fallenleaves3.Disappointingnews4.Disappointedpeople5.Excitingstory6.Excitedpeople7.Tiredpeople/I’mtired8.Tiringfilm1.正在飘的落叶2.已经落在地上的落叶3.令人失望的消息4.感到失望的人们5.激动人心的故事6.（感到）激动的人们7.累了的人/我感到累了8.（使人觉得）无聊的电影区别2二、过去分词作表语1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。e.g.：Everyonepresentisveryinspiredathisspeech．听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。Youseemfrightened.你似乎受了惊吓。系动词•be•become,get,go,grow,turn•keep,remain,stay,•feel,look,appear,seem，smell,sound,taste,•prove,2、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，强调特点或状态；而被动语态中，强调动作。e.g.：Thisshopisnowclosed．这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态)Thisshopisclosedat6pmeveryday．这家商店每天6点关门。(动作）3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested,surprised,excited,frightened,shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known)常用作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。①Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?Theygotveryexcited.③Shewasverydisappointedtoheartheresult.④He’squiteexperiencedinteachingbeginners.②HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?Well,hisfatherseemspleasedwithhisresults.现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别•V-ing形式表示“令人……的”•V-ed形式表示“某人感到……的”Thestoryisinteresting.Iaminterestedinthestory.C该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget________bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC•Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparentsare_____him.A.disappointing;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingby•bepreparedtodo•beinterestedindoing/sth•beinterestedtodo•beworriedabout•beconcernedwith•beabsorbedindoing/sth•defeatedenemy•aboynamed/calledBill•cracked/brokenwindow•准备好做某事•对…感兴趣（习惯）•对…感兴趣（一次性）•担心…•关心…•专注于…•被打败的敌人•一个叫Bill的男孩•打碎的窗户/玻璃短语积累语法专练1.Chinais__________.A.adevelopedcountryB.acountrywhichwasdevelopingC.adevelopingcountryD.acountrywhichisdeveloped2.look!A______womanwascoming.A.beautifuldressedB.dressedbeautifulC.beautifullydressedD.dressedbeautifully3.Mrsmith,_______ofthe______speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring4.Afterthefight,acaretakerfoundthatayoungman_______sohetelephonedforanambulanceimmediately.A.seriouslyinjuredB.wasinjuredseriouslyC.wasseriousinjuredD.wasseriouslyinjured5.Itisbelievedthatifabookis_______,itwillsurely_______thereader.A.interested;interestB.interesting;beinterestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest6.Heheldthe______stickhighandwentoninthedarkcave.A.litB.lightedC.burntD.firing7.Wehadourpicniclunchintheforestnexttoa______tree.A.fallenB.fallingC.beingfallingD.beenfallen8.Ifthebuildingproject______bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.A.iscompletedB.tobecompletedC.beingcompletedD.completed