勃朗特姐妹英文介绍

TheBronteSistersTheBronteSistersCharlotteBronteEmilyBrontëAnneBrontë(1816-1855)(1818~1848)(1820-1849)LifeofBronteSisters•TheywerebornatThornton&livedinHaworthW.Yorkshire.PatrickBrontetheirfatherwasaYorkshireclergymanwithIrishorigins,andbroughthisfamilytotheparsonageatthetopofthehillofHaworthvillageontheedgeofthemoorin1820.MrsBrontediedthenextyearandthesixchildrenwerecaredforbyhersister,ElizabethBranwell.Thiswasthechildren'shomeuptotheirshortlivedlives.CharlotteandEmilyweresenttoClergyDaughters'SchoolatCowanBridgeinLancashire,buttheyreturnedwithinayear.ThetreatmentatCowanBridgewasconsideredharsh,andCharlottelatermodelledLowoodSchool(JaneEyre)afterit.life•Forthenextfewyears,theBrontechildrenweretaughtathome.Theyinventedgamesandtoldimaginarystoriestoeachother.CharlotteattendedMissWooler'sschoolatRoeHeadforoneyearin1831,thenreturnedhomeandtaughthersisters.CharlottereturnedtoRoeHeadasateacherin1835,butaftersufferingfromdepressionandillhealth,sheresignedfromherposition.ItwasatRoeHeadthatCharlottemetherlifelongfriendEllenNussey.HermanyletterstoNusseyhaveservedasthebestdocumentationofherlife.life•Intheautumnof1845,CharlottediscoveredsomepoemswrittenbyEmily.Charlotte,Emily,andAnnesoonrealisedtheyhadallbeensecretlywritingverse.Charlotte'sfirstattemptatthenovelwasentitledTheProfessor,butthestorywasrejectedbypublishers.HersecondattemptwaspublishedinOctober,1847.JaneEyre:anautobiography,itwasanimmediatesuccess.life•SeveralmonthslaterAnne'sAgnesGreyandEmily'sWutheringHeightswerepublishedtogetherinthreevolumes.ThepopularityoftheBrontenovelsallowedAnne'sTheTenantofWildfellHalltobepublishedshortlythereafter.ThenextyearwasoneoftragedyfortheBrontesisters.TheirbrotherBranwell,anunstablemanwithahistoryofdrunkennessandopiumusediedinSeptember1848.EmilythenfellillanddiedoftuberculosisDecember19,1848.Annesoonfollowed,contractingtuberculosisthatsameyearanddiedMay28,1849.life•Charlottewasleftalonewithherfather,butlatermarriedinHaworthChurch,herfather'scurateArthurBellNicholls.Theyenjoyedabriefhappiness.CharlottefellillduringpregnancyanddiedMarch31,1855.CharlotteBronteLifeWorksWritingstyle（JaneEyre）《简·爱》1847（Shirley）《雪莉》1849（Villette）《维莱特》1853（TheProfessor）《教师》1857MasterpiecePlotSummary•JaneEyreisafamousandinfluentialnovelbyEnglishwriterCharlotteBronte.ItwaspublishedinLondon,Englandin1847.JaneEyreisafirst-personnarrativeofthetitlecharacter,asmall,plain-faced,intelligentandhonestEnglishorphan.Thenovelgoesthroughfivedistinctstages:•1.)Jane'schildhoodatGateshead,wheresheisemotionallyabusedbyherauntandcousins;•2.)HereducationatLowoodSchool,wheresheacquiresfriendsandrolemodelsbutalsosuffersprivations;•3.)HertimeasthegovernessofThornfieldManor,whereshefallsinlovewithherByronicemployer,EdwardRochester;•4.)HertimewiththeRiversfamilyatMarsh'sEnd(orMoorHouse)andMorton,wherehercoldclergyman-cousinStJohnRiversproposestoher;•5.)HerreunionwithandmarriagetoherbelovedRochesterathishouseofFerndean.Shirley•一八四九年五月，妹妹安妮·勃朗特离世。在死亡的阴影和困惑下，夏洛蒂·勃朗特坚持完成了《雪莉》，寄托她对妹妹的哀思，书中描写有英国早期自发的工人运动，获得至高评价。Villette•本书是夏洛蒂·勃朗特的最后一部作品，无论从创作思想或艺术手法上都比以前的作品更为成熟。本书的女主人公从许多方面来说，就是作者本人的真实写照，作者借本书展示了自己的主要经历，向世人倾诉自己的心声。Writingstyle•夏洛蒂·勃朗特巧妙改造早期的男式风格罗曼司（骑士文学）而成的妇女专有文学形式。在勃朗特的小说里，“高贵的男性模式”被淡化，那种手持锋利的宝剑，身穿闪闪的盔甲的骑士已经不是罗曼司的主要画面，取而代之的是女主人公的行动背景、感情世界、生活行为。从女性文学的角度看，简·爱的出走正体现了夏洛蒂·勃朗特那隐约表露的女权主义倾向，然而，她的这种意识却并没有“革命彻底”。•在写作风格上，夏洛蒂也独树一帜。她文笔简洁而传神，质朴而生动，加之第一人称的叙述语言，使得小说贴近读者，贴近现实。同时，小说又体现了欧洲浪漫主义文学传统的特点，显示出作者丰富的想象力和诗人的气质。作者在叙述中自然地使用了梦境、幻觉、预感和象征、隐喻等手法，使小说的“自然”境界扑朔朦胧，情节扣人心弦。EmilyBrontëLifeWorksWritingstyleWutheringheightsPlot•Prologue(chapters1to3)MrLockwood,arichmanfromthesouth,hasrentedThrushcrossGrangeinthenorthofEnglandforpeaceandrecuperation(恢复;挽回).Soonafterarrival,hevisitshislandlord,MrHeathcliff,wholivesintheremotemoorland(荒野;高沼地)farmhousecalledWutheringHeights.HefindstheinhabitantsofWutheringHeightstobeastrangegroup:MrHeathcliffappearsagentlemanbuthismannersandspeechsuggestotherwise;themistressofthehouseisinhermidteens,anattractivebutreserved,evenrudewoman;andthereisayoungmanwhoappearstobeoneofthefamilyalthoughhedressesandtalkslikeaservant.•Beingsnowedin,hehastostaythenightandisshowntoanunusedchamberwherehefindsbooksandgraffiti(涂鸦)fromaformerinhabitantofthefarmhousecalledCatherine.Whenhefallsasleep,hisdreamsarepromptedbythispersonandhehasanightmarewhereheseesherasaghosttryingtogetinthroughthewindow.Hewakesandisunabletoreturntosleepso,assoonasthesunrises,heisescortedbacktoThrushcrossGrangebyHeathcliff.Thereheaskshishousekeeper,EllenDean,totellhimthestoryofthefamilyfromtheHeights.•欧美文学中的哥特传统是研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉的一个重要课题，艾米莉·勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统，同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力，将现实与超现实融为一体，给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度、新鲜活力，达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一，使《呼啸山庄》具有永恒的艺术魅力。Writingstyle哥特式（Goth）最早是文艺复兴时期被用来区分中世纪时期（公元5-15世纪）的艺术风格，以恐怖、超自然、死亡、颓废、巫术、古堡、深渊、黑夜、诅咒、吸血鬼等为标志性元素。哥特式风格用黑暗、恐惧、孤独、绝望的艺术主题，来往于内心世界神圣与邪恶的边缘，描绘在爱与绝望之间的挣扎，嘶叫的痛苦和清醒。这种小说的故事通常发生在过去或遥远的中世纪;以阴森恐怖的古堡、废墟或者荒原为背景;主人公大多为性格孤傲的叛逆式边缘人物。1.主题与哥特传统•艾米莉的《呼啸山庄》也继承了哥特传统，大量采用了哥特手法。首先，其主题就涉及了仇恨、阴谋和继承权的争夺。弃儿希刺克厉夫被“呼啸山庄”的主人欧肖收养，欧肖的女儿凯瑟琳与他从小友爱，产生了炽烈的爱情。而庄主的儿子辛德礼却仇恨他。老欧肖死后，把他降为奴仆，百般凌辱。凯瑟琳为