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翻译常用的八种技巧常用的翻译技巧1.重复法(repetition)2.增译法(amplification)3.减译法(omission)4.词类转换法(conversion)5.词序调整法(inversion)6.分译法(division)7.正说反译,反说正译法(negation)(反译法)8.语态变换法(thechangeofthevoices)1.重复法1.汉语重复,英译时也重复;2.根据两种语言各自的习惯用法,以不同的表达方式进行重复,这种重复通常是为了传达原文的生动性.重复主要有三种作用:1,使译文的意思更加明确;2,加强语气,表示强调;3,使译文更加生动这种方法主要用于英译汉,因为英汉语比较起来,汉语更喜欢重复,也更经得起重复。1.重复名词1)重复做宾语的名词Wehavetoanalyzeandsolveproblems.我们要分析问题,解决问题。Let’sreviseoursafetyandsanitaryregulations.我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。Gentlemenmaycry,peace,peace---butthereisnopeace.先生们尽管可以高呼和平,和平!但是依然没有和平。Wemustenrichourculturalandmateriallives.我们必须丰富我们的精神生活和物质生活。(宾语前有多个定语时,要重复这个做宾语的名词)2)重复做表语的名词Thisisavictoriousconferencethatshowsourunity.这是一个胜利的大会,一个团结的大会。(表语有多个修饰语时,重复做表语的名词)Ignoranceisthemotheroffearaswellasofadmiration.无知是恐惧的根源,也是崇拜的根源。3)重复名词,取代代词Don’tbeafraidoffailure,asitisthemotherofsuccess.不要害怕失败。失败是成功之母。TranslationformChineseintoEnglishisnotsoeasyasthatformEnglishintoChinese.汉译英不像英译汉那么容易。Alargefamilyhasitsdifficulties.大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。2.重复动词You’vereadmorebooksthanIhave.你读的书比我读的多。Hesucceededbecauseofhisgoodluckratherthanofhisability.他的成功靠的是运气,而不是靠的能力。Hewenttobedagain,andthoughtandthoughtandthoughtitoverandover.他有又上床去,左思右想,想个不停。这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。Whataretheyafter?Theyareaftername,afterposition,andtheywanttocutsmartfigure.天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊。Theskyisblue,blue;Andthesteppewide,wide;Overgrassthatthewindhasbatteredlow;Sheepandoxenroam.寻寻觅觅,冷冷清请,凄凄惨惨戚戚;乍暖还寒时侯,最难将息。(译文1)Seek,seek;search,search;Cold,cold;bare,bare;Grief,grief;cruel,cruelgrief.Nowwarm,thenliketheautumncoldagain,Howhardtocalmtheheart!(译文2)Iseekbutseekinvain,Isearchandsearchagain;Ifeelsosad,sodrear,Solonely,withoutcheer.(许渊冲译)青青河边草,郁郁园中柳。Greengrowsthegrassuponthebank,Thewillowshootsarelongandlank.3保留谚语中的重复Outofsight,outofmind.眼不见,心不念。Workwhileyouwork,playwhileyouplay.干要干得投入,玩要玩得尽兴。4.保留习语中的重复Long,longago…很久很久以前,···Theflowerisvery,verybeautiful.这花可美可美了。5,英语强势词的译法Whatever,whatsoever,whoever,whomever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however.YoumaytakewhateverawayforallIcare.你想拿什么拿什么,我才不管哩。Whoeverbreaksthelawmustbepunished.谁犯法谁就得受惩罚。Don’tworryaboutthemoney.Justrepaymewheneveryouhave.别把那点钱挂在心上。你什么时候有什么时候还我好了。6.重复副词Nelshaditallwrittenoutneatly.纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。Byandbythebuildingroseup.楼房一点一点地升起来了。7,使用四字词组Comeoverandhavearest.过来休息休息。Suchatriflingthingishardlyworthmentioning.区区小事,不足挂齿。OnreturningtoIndia,andeverafter,heusedtospeakofthepleasureofthisperiodofhisexistencewithgreatenthusiasm.他后来回到印度,一提起那一段逍遥自在的日子,总是眉飞色舞。Shespokelittleandthenafterlongmeditation.她少言寡语,而且总是在深思熟虑之后才开口。Tobecontinued!2.增译法为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语,这就叫增译法.增词义增加虚词为多,也可酌量增加实词。英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。从增补的功能来看,可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。Iamlookingforwardtotheholidays.我们等待假日的到来。Muchofourmoralityiscustomary.我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人精确。Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。Heisyoungbutambitious.他人小志大。Shewassmallandslight,pale,butverybeautiful.她身量瘦小,面色苍白,但模样倒很漂亮。Idon’tcareaboutit.Youmaypleaseyourself.我倒无所谓,随你的便吧。Justlookatherface,redasanapple.你瞧她的脸哟,红得像个苹果似的。1.没有调查研究就没有发言权。Hewhomakesnoinvestigationandstudyhasnorighttospeak.(Noinvestigation,norighttospeak.)2.子曰:“学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。”Confuciussaid:“Hewholearnswithoutthinkingislost.Hewhothinkswithoutlearningremainspuzzled.”3.虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。Modestyhelpsonetogoforward,whereasconceitmakesonelagbehind.4.交出翻译之前,必须读几遍,看看有没有要修改的地方.这样你才能把工作做好。Beforehandinginyourtranslation,youhavetoreaditoverandoveragainandseeifthereisanythinginittobecorrectedorimproved.Onlythuscanyoudoyourworkwell.5.只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。Themagistratearefreetoburndownhouses,whilethecommonpeopleareforbiddeneventolightlamps.(Onemanmaystealahorse,whileanothermaynotlookoverthehedge.)6.班门弄斧Showingoffone’sproficiencywiththeaxebeforeLuBanthemastercarpenter.7.三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮。ThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedequalZhugeLiangthemastermind.8.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。Solongasgreenhillsremain,therewillneverbeashortageoffirewood.3.减译法增译法的反面减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来,因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意,或者在译文中是不言而喻的;减译法是删去一些可有可无的,或者有了反而累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词,并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。省译和增补是相辅相成的两种翻译技巧。省译和分为结构省译和精炼压缩。所谓结构省译是由于英汉两种语言在句子结构上的差异造成的。在英译汉时经常省略的词有代词、系词、介词、连词、冠词、先行词等。作主语和定语的人称代词以及做定语的物主代词均可省译。如果把结构省译看作是消极的省译手段,那么精炼压缩则是积极的省译手段,前者明显,后者隐晦。Abookisuseful.书(是)有用(的)。Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕太阳转。OnSundayswehavenoschool.礼拜天我们不上学。Ifyouwritehim,theresponsewouldbeabsolutesilenceandvoid.你写信给他,总是石沉大海。Awisemanwillnotmarryawomanwhohasattainmentsbutnovirtue.聪明的人是不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。Itisn’trumforawomantowantheroldhusbandback,forrespectability,thoughforamantowanthisoldwifeback–well,perhapsitisfunny,rather!(一个)女人为了体面(的关系)而要(她的从)前(的那个丈)夫回来,这并不(是)奇怪(的事),但是(一个)男人要(他从)前(的那个)妻(子)回来,也许是很有趣的事。1.我们要培养分析问题、解决问题的能力。Wemustcultivatetheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems.2.郭沫若同志曾说:“中国人历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。”ComradeGuoMorooncesaid:“ThepeopleofChinahavealwaysbeencourageousenoughtoprobeintothings,tomakeinventionsandtomakerevoluti
本文标题:英汉互译八种技巧
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