高中英语语法讲解及练习

第1页共269页。内部文件，版权追溯内部文件，版权追溯内部文件，版权追溯高中英语语法讲解及练习一、冠词冠词的用法在英语学习中较为复杂，千头万绪，尤其是惯用法，请同学们平时学习时注意积累。以下不过是谈谈冠词的一些常规的用法。一、不定冠词的用法：1、泛指人或事物的类别，相当于any,如:Ahammeristool.Asteelworkermakessteel.2、泛指某人或某物。Aboyiswaitingforyou.Thereisabookonyourdesk.3、表one或every。Wework8hoursaday.Igohometwiceamonth.4、表示thesame的意思。Birdsofa(=thesame)featherflocktogether;peopleofakindcometogether.5、用在不可数名词前a)（用在物质名词前）一种，一份Alargecoffeeforme.Itwasawonderfultea.b)（用在某些表示风、雨等的名词前）Itwascleardaylightnowandafinerainwasfalling.Thereisacoldwindthismorning.c)（用在抽象名词前）一种Thatisagreatdisappointment.It’sapleasuretoworkwithyou.6、（用在某些专有名词前）某个叫…的人，一张…的画，一个象…的人等。第2页共269页IsawaMrs.Smithonthe12that2:00.HehadaVanGoghinthedining-room.WhatastrangeLondontheysaw!He’salivingLeiFeng.7、用于某些固定词组中。afew,alittle,agoodmany,alotof,allofasudden,asarule,haveacold等。8、在元音音素开头的名词前应用an,如anapple,anEnglishbook。要以发音为准，并非以元音字母而定。如auniversity,anhour,an“h”,anX-rayexamination.二、定冠词的用法。1、表特定的或上文提到的人或物。Theboylikesthefilm.Shutthedoor,please.Theoldpoorpeasanthasason.Thesonisamodelworker.2、表示世界上独一无二的东西。theearth,themoon,thestars,thesun（但space前不用）3、用在序数词、形容词或副词最高级前。thesecond,thetallest,thelast,thefirst.4、用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派或组织机构等的专有名词前。theUnitedStates;thePeople’sRepublicofChina;theCommunistPartyofChina;theChinesePeople’sLiberationArmy;theNo.15MiddleSchool;thedepartmentofEducation.5、用在某些建筑物名称前。TheGreatHallofthePeople;theMonumenttothePeople’sHeroes;theGreatWall;theCapitalTheatre;theSpaceMuseum;thePeaceHotel。6、用在江河海洋，山脉群岛，海峡海湾等专有名词前。TheChangjiangRiver,theRedSea,theDabieMountains,theEnglishChannel,theTaiwanStraits,thePersianGulf。第3页共269页7、用在报纸、会议、条约等专有名词前。thePeople’sDaily（但：ChinaDaily）theNewYorkTimes,the15thPartyCongress,theGenevaAgreement8、用在方位名词前，某些习惯短语中或结构搭配中。ontheleft,intheeast,inthemorning,ontheotherhand,intheend,hitsbonthehead,catchsbbythearm9、用在形容词前表一类人。thepoor,thedead,theyoung,therich,thewounded.10、用在双方都知，不言而喻的名词前。Givemethebook.Who’stheman?用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妇二人。theSmiths,theGreens,theWangs,theTurners11、用在单数可数名词前泛指某类人或物(指整个一类)。Thehorseisausefulanimal.Thecomputerwasinvadednotlongago.（但更多时候表特指：Thehorseisill.）12、指世纪的年代。inthe1890’s或inthe1890s13、用在表示乐器的名词前。playthepiano(theguitar,theviolin,theflute)14、用在某国语言前，构成the…language的形式。TheEnglishlanguageisverywidelyusedallovertheworld.如果单用国家变来的语言名词形式，则不用the。Chinesehasthelargestnumberofspeakersintheworld.15、用于“论（或按）……计”之类的意思。Hegotpaidbythehour.Theyselltheclothbythemeter.三、不用冠词的场合。第4页共269页1、专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名前一般不用冠词。China,Johnson;Airismatter.Soundisinvisible.2、当名词已被指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格限制时。Thisbookisgood.IreadmyEnglishbookeveryday.3、注：指示代词和物主代词亦不能并用。＊mythatbook,应该说：thatbookofmine.街名、广场名、公园名前。WallStreet.Tian’anmenSquare,HydePark.4、省市、大学名前。HubeiProvince(但theProvinceofHubei);WuhanCity(但theCityofWuhan);QinghuaUniversity(但：theUniversityofQinghua)5、湖泊前一般不用冠词。EastLake,SaltLake,DongtingLake6、山峰前不用冠词。MountHua,MountTai,MountEverest7、月份、星期、节日、三餐饭的名词前。March,Christmas,Sunday;Haveyouhadlunch?Springisthebestseasonoftheyears.(但月份或季节被限定则须冠词。Iarrivedhereinthewinterof1993.)8、称呼语，表示头街或职务作宾补或同位语的名词。What’sthis,John?WemadeLiHaimonitor.9、学科名、球类、棋类名词六前。Welikemaths.Theyoftenplayfootball.10、泛指的复数名词前。Studentsmustworkhardattheirlesson.11、与by连用的交通工具或表示方式、手段的名词前。bybus,byhand,byradio,byair,bywater.第5页共269页冠词用法巩固练习1.—I’mafraidIdarenotspeakin______public.—Justhave______try.A.a;不填;B.不填;aC.the;aD.the;the2.Asyouknow,_____mancan’tlivewithout____water.A.不填;不填;B.a;theC.a;不填;D.不填;the3.Thepolicehave______powertoarrestbadpeopleby_____law.A.the;theB.不填;theC.不填;不填;D.the;不填;4.Parisis______mostbeautifulcity,whereyoucansee_____famousEiffelTower.A.a;theB.a;不填;C.the;aD.不填;the5.—Doyoulikethenovels?—Idon’tlikeeitherofthem.Pleaseshowme_______thirdone.A.aB.theC.XD.an6.Keepawayfromthecage._____lionis______fierceanimal.A.The;theB.A;theC.A;不填;D.The;a7.Theclassnamed_______LeiFangisoneofthebestclassedinthisschool.A.inhonorofB.intheplaceofC.infavorofD.inthewayof8.—Whatabout______bike?—Doyouthinkitallrighttobuyhimthatbikeas____birthdaygift?A.a;aB.the;aC.a;theD.the;the9.Firstaidis_____scienceofgiving____medicalcareto______person.A.the;不填;aB.the;the;aC.a;不填;theD.不填;a;the10.Pleasepayattentiontoyourspelling.You’vedropped_____“n”here.A.anB.theC.不填;D.a11.BillClintontook_____officeonJanuary20th,1993,andbecame_______42ndUSPresident.第6页共269页A.an;theB.不填;theC.the;不填;D.不填;不填;12.—Haveyouseen_______pen?Ileftitherethismorning?—IthinkIsaw_____onesomewhere.Isit______redone?A.a;the;aB.a;a;theC.the;不填;aD.a;不填;a13.—Thenewsisspreadingfrommouthtomouth.—Yes,it’sbecome______talkof_____town.A.a;aB.the;不填;C.the;theD.a;不填;14.Nowthemachinerunsatdouble_______.A.aspeedB.speedC.thespeedD.forspeed15.—Ihopeyouwillbereadytoleaveontime.—Don’tworry.I’llbeready____thetaxiarrives.A.bythetimeB.intimeforC.atthetimeofD.untilthetimewhen16.Ifhegoesonswimminginthatlakefor_____fourhours,he_______initfortwelvehours.A.another;willhavebeenswimmingB.a;willswimC.other;hasswumD.the;willbeswimming17.—CharleyOakley,_______NBAAll-star,hasn’tmissed______gameinpastthreeyears.—Ican’tbelieveit.A.an;aB.a;theC.the;aD.an;the18.—Whatdidyouthinkoftheplace?—Ididn’tcarforitat____first,butafter___