现代大学英语-基础写作下

ContemporaryCollegeEnglish现代大学英语基础写作（下）ContentSummaryManuscriptform/Diction/Sentences/Paragraphs/TypesofWritingNarration(Units1357)Description(Units246)Letters(Unit8)SummaryWriting1.Whatashortpieceofwriting----themainfactsorideasofastoryorarticle2.Features:objective,complete,balanced3.Goaltogivereadersanobjective,complete,accurateandbalancedunderstandingoftheoriginalpaper.4.Where:examinationquestionsnewspaperorTVreportsemployees’reports5.Tipsread&masterthemainideasfigureoutimportantdetailsnotaddingextrathingslimitthenumberofwordspreservethemoodandthetoneGatheringessentialfacts—summarizethemainidea1.essentialfactsandmainactions2.necessarybackground3.leaveoutunimportantthings4.indirectspeechandstraightforwardlanguage5.inchronological(time)orderDifferencesbetweensummarizingothersstoryThemainideasThemainactionInlogicalorder(逻辑顺序)Inchronologicalorder(事情发展顺序)Diction-figureofspeechSentences-sentencetypes:simple,compound,complexandcompound-complex;loose,periodic,balancedandparallel.Paragraphs-coherence-order:time,space,logical(least-most;most-least;obvious-subtle)TypesofWriting:narrative;exposition;description;argumentationTherearemanydifferentformsofwritingfordifferentpurposesPersuasiveExplanationInstructionsandproceduresFactualAccountReportPoetryDescriptiveLetterNarrativeWritingWarmUpIsthereasignificantmemoryinyourlife?Whatisit?Trytoshareitwithus.-writingstyleNarration1.Whatthetypeofwritingwhichtellsastory:personalexperience,imaginativefiction,historicalnarrative2.Essentialelements:eventsarrangedinachosenordertoldbyanarratorpurpose:toillustrateapointtosupportanideatoexplainaprocedure(程序,步骤)toentertainthereader/audienceNarration3.Howtowriteconstructatopicsentenceusethefirstpersonpointofviewpresentyourpersonalexperienceinchronologicalorderselectdetailsthatserveyourpurposeconnectthedetailsbytransitionsp.s.ordinaryexperiencesarethebeatsourcesforpersonalnarrativesEvenwithineachgenreofwritingtherearedifferentkindsofwritingNarrativeAnecdoteBiographyStorieswithaplotNarrativePoemAutobiographyFablesandLegendsNarrativeAnarrativeisastorydevelopedfromaneventoraseriesofeventsCharacter,settingandthemoodareusuallyestablishedatthebeginningofthestoryThemiddledescribeseventsinwhichacharacterdealswithsomekindofconflictTheendofthestoryorclimax,tellshowtheconflictisresolvedCharacteristicsNarrativeHasaplot-beginningincludinganinterestingsetting(place,time)&charactersmiddleend(climax)Activity1Checkthesentencesthatyouthinkwouldmakeinterestingtopicsentencesforpersonalexperiencenarrative.Andexplainit.(p.2)HowtowriteapersonalexperiencenarrativeConstructatopicsentenceUsethefirstpersonpointofviewPresentitinchronologicalorderSelectonlythedetailsConnectthedetailsbyusingtransitionsPersonalexperiencenarrativeNarrator:firstpersonStructure:1.beginning:topicsentence(who,when,where,what,why,how..),describingthewholeevent2.body:presenttheexperienceinchronologicalorder(usingsometransitions:afterward,later,when,soon,while,before,then….)3.end:summarizethewholetextandshowthetheme(p.3exercises+reading)Activity:Comparetwopassagesbyyourpeers(p.8,p.9)“Reunionwithmybestfriend”“whatachange”Whichoneisbetter?(Title,topic,structure,content,writingskill,language…)WritingListalltheideasofreunionyouhaveexperienced.MakeaplanDiscusswithyourclassmateswriteaccordingtoyourplanimprovedEditingNarration--Effectivesentences--actionandactiveverbsTIPSreplacetheverbsbewithanactionverbsdon’toverusethepattern—there+beusetheactivevoice(P141)EffectivesentencesCoordinationSubordinationcoordinationItiscombiningtwoormoreideasinonesentencetocreateequalemphasis.Youcancoordinatewords,phrasesandclauses.CoordinationofsentencesisagrammaticalstrategytocommunicatethattheideasintwoormoreINDEPENDENTCLAUSESareequivalentorbalanced.Coordinationcanproduceharmonybybringingrelatedelementstogether.Wheneveryouusethetechniqueofcoordinationofsentences,makesurethatitworkswellwiththemeaningyouwanttocommunicate.SubordinationItiscombiningtwoormoreideasinonesentencetocreateunequalemphasis.Togiveunequalemphasistotwoormoreideas,youexpressthemajorideainanindependentclauseandexpressminorideasinsubordinateclauses,phrasesorsinglewords.Effectivesentences1.coordination(并列)Coordinatingconjunctionsbut,or,nor,for,so,yetCorrelativeconjunctionsboth..and,either..or,nether..nor,notonly..butalso,whether..orConjunctiveadverbsHowever,moreover,furthermore,thereforeTransitionalphrasesAsamatteroffact,forexample,inotherwords2.subordination(从属)SubordinatingconjunctionsAfter,although,as,because,before,if,since,though,unless,until,when,where,whileRelativepronounsThat,which,who,whom,whoseCoordinatingconjunctions:for(reason),and(addition),nor(negativechoice),but(contrast),or(choice),yet(contrast),so(resultoreffect)Conjunctiveadverbs:Addition:also,furthermore,moreover,besides,finallyContrast:however,still,nevertheless,nonetheless,conversely,nonetheless,instead,otherwise,stillComparison:similarly,likewiseResultorsummary:therefore,thus,consequently,accordingly,hence,then