会计学原理(双语)Chapter-9

9-1PowerPointAuthors:SusanCoomerGalbreath,Ph.D.,CPACharlesW.Caldwell,D.B.A.,CMAJonA.Booker,Ph.D.,CPA,CIACynthiaJ.Rooney,Ph.D.,CPACopyright©2013byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.AccountingforReceivablesChapter99-2AccountsReceivableC1Areceivableisanamountduefromanotherparty.Acompanymustalsomaintainaseparateaccountforeachcustomerthattrackshowmuchthatcustomerpurchases,hasalreadypaid,andstillowes.Thisgraphshowsrecentdollaramountsofreceivablesandtheirpercentoftotalassetsforfourwell-knowncompanies.9-3SalesonCreditC1OnJuly1,TechComhadacreditsaleof$950toCompStoreandacollectionof$720fromRDAElectronicsfromapriorcreditsale.9-4SalesonCreditC19-5CreditCardSalesAdvantagesofallowingcustomerstousecreditcards:Customers’credit信用isevaluatedbythecreditcardissuer.Therisksofextendingcreditaretransferredtothecreditcardissuer.Cashcollectionsarequicker.Salesincreasebyprovidingpurchaseoptionstothecustomer.C19-6CreditCardSalesC1OnJuly15,TechComhas$100ofcreditcardsaleswitha4%fee,andits$96cashisreceivedimmediatelyondeposit.9-7CreditCardSalesC1IfinsteadTechCommustremitelectronicallythecreditcardsalesreceiptstothecreditcardcompanyandwaitforthe$96cashpayment,wewillmakethefirstentryonJuly15,andthesecondentryonJuly20,whenthecashisreceived.9-8Amountsowedbycustomersfromcreditsalesforwhichpaymentisrequiredinperiodicamountsoveranextendedtimeperiod.Thecustomerisusuallychargedinterest.C1FordMotorCompanyreportsmorethan$70billionininstallmentreceivables.InstallmentAccountsReceivable分期付款的应收帐款9-9ValuingAccountsReceivableP1Therearetwomethodsofaccountingforbaddebts:•DirectWrite-OffMethod直接冲销法•AllowanceMethod备抵法Somecustomersmaynotpaytheiraccount.Uncollectibleamountsarereferredtoasbaddebts.9-10DirectWrite-OffMethodP1TechComdeterminesonJanuary23thatitcannotcollect$520owedtoitbyitscustomerJ.Kent.Noticethatthespecificcustomerisnotedinthetransactionsowecanmaketheproperentryinthecustomer’sAccountsReceivablesubsidiaryledger.9-11DirectWrite-OffMethod–RecoveringaBadDebtOnMarch11,J.KentwasabletomakefullpaymenttoTechComfortheamountpreviouslywritten-off.P19-12Matchingvs.MaterialityP1Thedirectwrite-offmethodusuallydoesnotbestmatchsalesandexpenses.Thematching(expenserecognition)principlerequiresexpensestobereportedinthesameaccountingperiodasthesalestheyhelpedproduce.Materialitystatesthatanamountcanbeignoredifitseffectonthefinancialstatementsisunimportanttousers’businessdecisions.9-13AllowanceMethodTwoadvantagestotheallowancemethod:1.Itrecordsestimatedbaddebtsexpenseintheperiodwhentherelatedsalesarerecorded.2.Itreportsaccountsreceivableonthebalancesheetattheestimatedamountofcashtobecollected.Attheendofeachperiod,estimatetotalbaddebtsexpectedtoberealizedfromthatperiod’ssales.P19-14RecordingBadDebtsExpenseTechComhadcreditsalesof$300,000duringitsfirstyearofoperations.Attheendofthefirstyear,$20,000ofcreditsalesremaineduncollected.Basedontheexperienceofsimilarbusinesses,TechComestimatedthat$1,500ofitsaccountsreceivablewouldbeuncollectible.P19-15BalanceSheetPresentationTechComhadcreditsalesof$300,000duringitsfirstyearofoperations.Attheendofthefirstyear,$20,000ofcreditsalesremaineduncollected.Basedontheexperienceofsimilarbusinesses,TechComestimatedthat$1,500ofitsaccountsreceivablewouldbeuncollectible.P19-16WritingOffaBadDebtTechComhasdeterminedthatJ.Kent’s$520accountisuncollectible.P19-17WritingOffaBadDebtThewrite-offdoesnotaffecttherealizablevalueofaccountsreceivable.P19-18RecoveringaBadDebtOnMarch11,Kentpaysinfullhis$520accountpreviouslywrittenoff.Tohelprestorecreditstanding,acustomersometimesvolunteerstopayallorpartoftheamountowedonanaccountevenafterithasbeenwrittenoff.P19-19EstimatingBadDebtsExpenseTwoMethods1.PercentofSalesMethod销售额比例法2.AccountsReceivableMethods应收帐款法PercentofAccountsReceivable应收帐款比例法AgingofAccountsReceivable应收帐款帐龄分析法P29-20PercentofSalesMethodBaddebtsexpenseiscomputedasfollows:CurrentPeriodSales×BadDebt%=EstimatedBadDebtsExpenseP29-21400,000$×0.6%=2,400$Musicland’saccountantcomputesestimatedBadDebtsExpenseof$2,400.PercentofSalesMethodP2Musiclandhascreditsalesof$400,000in2013.Itisestimatedthat0.6%ofcreditsaleswilleventuallyproveuncollectible.Let’slookatrecordingBadDebtsExpensefor2013.9-22PercentofReceivablesMethod1.ComputetheestimateoftheAllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts.2.BadDebtsExpenseiscomputedas:Year-endAccountsReceivable×BadDebt%TotalEstimatedBadDebtsExpense–PreviousBalanceinAllowanceAccount=CurrentBadDebtsExpenseP29-23P2Musiclandhas$50,000inaccountsreceivableanda$200creditbalanceinAllowanceforDoubtfulAccountsonDecember31,2013.Pastexperiencesuggeststhat5%ofreceivablesareuncollectible.50,000$×5.00%=2,500$DesiredbalanceinAllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts.PercentofReceivablesMethod9-24Eachagegroupismultipliedbyitsestimatedbaddebtspercentage.Estimatedbaddebtsforeachgrouparetotaled.AgingofReceivablesMethodP2Classifyeachreceivablebyhowlongitispastdue.9-25AgingofAccountsReceivableP29-26Musiclandhasanunadjustedcreditbalanceof$200intheallowanceaccount.Weestimatedtheproperbalancetobe$2,270.2002,0702,270AllowanceforDoubtfulAccountsAgingofAccountsReceivabl