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英语句子成分讲解一、主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.Helikesdancing.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.二、谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.三、表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.Fiveandfiveisten.Heisasleep.Hisfatherisin.Thepictureisonthewall.Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.”Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.常见的系动词有:be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)….Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.feeltired.三、宾语:1)动作的承受者——动宾IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Ihopetoseeyouagain.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3)双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.四、宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.Wewillmakethemhappy.Wefoundnobodyin.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Don’tlethimdothat.Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.Don’tkeepthelightsburning.I’llhavemybikerepaired.五、主补:对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.六、定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.Heisourfriend.Webelongtothethirdworld.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.Ihaveanideatodoitwell.YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.七、状语:用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。(以下例句按上述顺序排列)Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpatheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.英语句子结构分析英语句子分为简单句和复合句。所谓的简单句,就是一个句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。复合句又分成并列句和复杂句,下面我们分别对这三种情况加以简要的分析。1、简单句简单句,即只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情况,英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语),有时候还有宾语;而且除了倒装句等特殊句型,一般情况下,主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的,不可能宾语跑到谓语前面,或者谓语跑到主语前面。目前很多语法书都把英语的简单句归纳为五种基本句型。实际上,英语简单句还可以简化为三种形式:主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语;Ihategrammar.主语+谓语(不及物动词);Grammarsucks.主语+系动词+表语Grammarishell.2、并列句并列句就是两个或以上的简单句,由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。常见的连词:and,notonly...butalso,neither...nor...or,either...or...otherwise,but,yet,while,so,for等。阅读中遇到并列关系的句子,一般情况下是以连词为界限,将句子分成前、后几个部分,并分别来分析,各句的意思一般可以单独理解,最后将各句合并即可。Ihategrammar,/whilehelovesit.(以while为界,可分为前后两个小句子)3、主从复合句二、简单的五种基本句型:1、S(主)+Vi(不及物动词)(谓语)——→主动结构例如:Timeflies.1)S+V+副词(状语)例如:Birdssingbeautifully.2)S+Vi+介词短语(状语)例如:Hewentonholiday.3)S+Vi+不定式(状语)例如:Westoppedtohavearest.4)S+Vi+分词(状语)例如:I'llgoswimming.2、S(主)+Vt(及物动词)(谓语)+O(宾语)——→主动宾结构例如:WelikeEnglish.1)S+Vt+名词/代词例如:Ilikemusic.2)S+Vt+不定式例如:Iwanttohelphim.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:decide,hope,learn,need,promise,want,等。3)S+Vt+疑问词+不定式例如:Idon'tknowwhattodo.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:ask,decide,findout,forget,know等。4)S+Vt+动名词例如:Ienjoylivinghere.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:advise,enjoy,finish,mind,practise等。5)S+Vt+宾语从句例如:Idon'tthink(that)heisright.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:hope,know,notice,think,wonder等。【难点】3、S(主)+V(谓语)(系动词)+P(表语)——→主系表结构例如:WeareChinese.[说明]Ⅰ.除了be系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,①表感官的动词,feel,smell,taste,sound,look,seem等。②表转变变化的动词,become,get,grow,turn,go,等。③表延续的动词keep,seem等。④表瞬时的动词come,fall等。Ⅱ.表语也就是主语的补足语。1)S+V+名词/代词例如:Heisaboy.2)S+V+形容词例如:Sheisbeautiful.3)S+V+Adv副词例如:Classisover.4)S+V+介词短语:Heisingoodhealth.5)S+V+分词例如:Heisexcited.4、S(主)+Vt(谓语)+InO(间接宾语)+DO(直接宾语)—→主动双宾结构例如:Igiveyouhelp.1)S+Vt+间接宾语+直接宾语例如:Isenthimabook.2)S+Vt+直接宾语+To/for+间接宾语例如:Hesentabooktome.[说明]①间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词有:bring,give,lend,pass,pay,read,sell,send,show,teach,tell,wish,write等。②间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词有:buy,get,make等。【难点】5、S(主)+Vt(谓语)+O(宾语)+OC(宾语补足语)——→主动宾补结构例如:Imakeyouclear.[强调]宾语和宾语补足语之间通常具有逻辑主谓关系。1)S+Vt+宾语+名词例如:WenamedourbabyTom.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:call,find,make,name等。2)S+Vt+宾语+形容词例如:Hepaintedthewallwhite.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:cut,find,keep,leave,make,see,wash等。3)S+Vt+宾语+介词短语例如:Shealwayskeepseverythingingoodorder.4)S+Vt+宾语+不定式例如:Iwishyoutostay.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:①不定式带to的词:ask,invite,tell,want,warn,wish等。②不定式不带to的词:have,know,let,make,notice,see,watch等。5)S+Vt+宾语+分词例如:Iheardmynamecalled(表示被动).Ifeelsomethingmoving(表示进行).[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:notice,observe,see,watch等。6)S+Vt+宾语+疑问词+不定式例如:Heshowmehowtodoit.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:ask,show,teach,tell等。【巩固练习】(一)基础题:1.判断下列各句的基本结构。1)Mr.BlackisEnglish.__________________________________________2)Theteachertaughtussomenewwords.__________________________________________3)Thefarmerispickingtheapples.__________________________________________4)Thetemperaturedropped.__________________________________________5)Theyturnedtotheright.__________________________________________6)Iwouldliketobeyourpen-friend.__________________________________________7)Ihaveshortblackhairandbrowneyes.__________________________________________8)Ialsoenjoyplayingchess.________________
本文标题:英语句子成分讲解
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