Sonnet-18-诗歌赏析

EnglishPoetryAppreciation--Sonnet181.RhymeThefirst12linesrhymeeveryotherlineandthelasttwolines’endrhymesarethesame,whichformstherhyme-schemeofabab,cdcd,efef,gg.(Sonnet18WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?/ei/aThouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:/eit/bRoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,/ei/aAndsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate,/eit/bSometimestoohottheeyeofheavenshines,/aiz/cAndoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimed:/imd/dAndeveryfairformfairsometimesdeclines,/aiz/cBychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimm’d:/imd/dButthyeternalsummershallnotfade,/eid/eNorlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st:/əʊst/fNorshalldeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade,/eid/eWhenineternallinestotimethougrow’st./əʊst/fSolongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,/iː/gSolonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee./iː/g)2.MeterEachlineinthissonnetisiniambicpentameterwhichmeanseachlinehasfivefeet,usuallyanunaccentedsyllablefollowedbyanaccentedsyllable.Forexample,wecandividethefirstlineintofiveindependentfeetas“ShallI/compare/theeto/asum/mer’sday?”withaccentsonshall,com,thee,a,merrespectively.(Sonnet18WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)ShallI/compare/theeto/asum/mer’sday?Thouart/morelove/lyand/moretem/perate:Roughwinds/doshake/thedar/lingbuds/ofMay,Andsum/mer’slease/hathall/tooshort/adate:Sometimes/toohot/theeye/ofhea/venshinesAndof/tenis/hisgold/complexiondimm’d;Andeve/ryfair/formfair/sometimes/declines,Bychance/orna/ture’schanging/courseun/trimm’d;Butthy/eter/nalsum/mershall/notfade,Norlose/posse/ssionof/thatfair/thouow’st;Norshall/deathbrag/thouwan/der’stin/hisshade.Whenin/eter/nallines/totime/thougrow’st:Solong/asmen/canbreathe/,oreyes/cansee,Solong/livesthis/,andthis/giveslife/tothee.)3.TheRhetoricalDevices3.1SimileandRhetoricQuestionExample:ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?Simile:Summerand“you”arenotsimilaronthesurface,butvirtuallytheyaretherepresentativesofbeauty.RhetoricQuestion:Itisalsoarhetoricalquestion,thatis,formallyit’saquestion.Readersdon'tneedtoanswerbecausetheanswerisveryclear.3.2MetaphorExample:Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate:Thesummer’sdayiscomparedtoahouse,whichisthethingwelendfromthenature.Therefore,it’speriodofuseislimited,anditalsoinsinuatesthetimethatthedurationofyouthandbeautyislimited.3.3PersonificationExample:Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm’d;Obviouslythepoetcomparesthesuntoaman,sohedepictshiscomplexion.(Complexionisusuallyusedtodescribesomeone.)3.4HyperboleExample:Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Accordingtothelawsofnature,everybeautifulthingwillgraduallylosetheirbeauty,sohowcanthebeautyofthepersonwhothepoetdescribesbeeternal?4.ThemeInthebeginningquatrain,thepoetcompareshisfriendtoabeautifulsummer’sdayinordertoarousereaders’wonderfulimagination.However,thepoetrealizesthatthemetaphorcan’texpresshishighpraiseforhisfriendbecausesummerwillfadeawaythoughit’sbeautiful.Thenhowtomakethebeautyofhisfriendeternal?Thepoetfinallythinksofthepoetry.Hethinksthatwiththepowerofthepoem,hecanmakethebeautyofhisfriendimmortal.Thatistosay,thebeautyofhisfriendisimmoralinthatthepoetryiseternal.Inaword,thepoemexpressesthetwothemes.Foronething,thepoethighlypraisesthebeautyofhisfriend,andforanotherthing,thepoetalsoeulogizesthepoetryart’sbeautyandimmortality.