海上风电的基本术语(中英文对照)

3.1co-directional(windandwaves)同向（风和浪）actinginthesamedirection作用在同一方向3.2Current水流aflowofwaterpastafixedlocationusuallydescribedintermsofacurrentspeedanddirection经过一个固定位置的水流，通常由流速和流向描述Offshorewindpowertermsanddefinitions海上风电的基本术语3.3designwave设计波浪deterministicwavewithadefinedheight,periodanddirection,usedforthedesignofanoffshorestructure.Adesignwavemaybeaccompaniedbyarequirementfortheuseofaparticularperiodicwavetheory用于海上结构物的设计，具有指定高度、周期和方向的确定性波浪。设计波浪可能要求采用特定的波浪周期理论3.4designer设计方partyorpartiesresponsibleforthedesignofanoffshorewindturbine负责海上风力发电机组设计的一方或多方3.5environmentalconditions环境条件characteristicsoftheenvironment(wind,waves,seacurrents,waterlevel,seaice,marinegrowth,scourandoverallseabedmovement,etc.)whichmayaffectthewindturbinebehaviour可能影响风力发电机组性能的环境特性（如风、浪、洋流、水位、海冰、海生物、冲刷和整体海床运动等3.6externalconditions(windturbines)外部条件（风力发电机组）factorsaffectingoperationofanoffshorewindturbine,includingtheenvironmentalconditions,theelectricalnetworkconditions,andotherclimaticfactors(temperature,snow,ice,etc.)影响海上风力发电机组运行的因素，包括环境条件、电网条件和其他气候因素（如温度、降雪、结冰等等）3.7extremesignificantwaveheight极端有效波高expectedvalueofthehighestsignificantwaveheight,averagedover3hours,withanannualprobability3.8extremewaveheight极端波高expectedvalueofthehighestindividualwaveheight(generallythezeroup-crossingwaveheight)withanannualprobabilityofexceedanceof1/N(“recurrenceperiod”:Nyears)最高单个波高的期望值（通常为向上跨越零点的波高），超过这个期望值的年概率为1/N（“重复周期”：N年）3.9fasticecover固定冰盖arigidcontinuouscoveroficenotinmotion静止状态下的连续刚性冰覆盖层3.10fetch风距distanceoverwhichthewindblowsconstantlyovertheseawithapproximatelyconstantwindspeedanddirection风以近似恒定的风速和风向持续地吹过海面所经过的距离3.11foundation基础partofanoffshorewindturbinesupportstructurewhichtransferstheloadsactingonthestructureintotheseabed.DifferentfoundationconceptsareshowninFigure1togetherwiththeotherpartsofanoffshorewindturbine.海上风力发电机组的支撑结构的组成部分，能将作用在结构上的载荷传递到海床上。不同类型的海上风力发电机组基础以及其它部分如图1所示。3.12highestastronomicaltide最高天文潮higheststillwaterlevelthatcanbeexpectedtooccurunderanycombinationofastronomicalconditionsandunderaveragemeteorologicalconditions.Stormsurges,whicharemeteorologicallygeneratedandessentiallyirregular,aresuperimposedonthetidalvariations,sothatatotalstillwaterlevelabovehighestastronomicaltidemayoccur.在任何天文条件的组合下或一般气象条件下都可以预测的最高静水位。风暴潮是气象的产物，它本质上没有规律，并与潮汐变化相互重叠，所以总静水位可能高于最高天文潮。3.13hubheight(windturbines)轮毂高度（风力发电机组）heightofthecentreofthesweptareaofthewindturbinerotorabovethemeansealevel风力发电机风轮掠扫面积的中心点距离平均海平面的高度3.14loadeffect载荷效应effectofasingleloadorcombinationofloadsonastructuralcomponentorsystem,e.g.internalforce,stress,strain,motionetc.单个载荷或者组合载荷对某个结构部件或整个系统产生的影响，例如内力、应力、应变、移动等等3.15hummockedice冰丘crushediceandicefloespiledupintoridgeswhenlargeicefloesmeetwitheachotherorwitharigidobstacle,e.g.anoffshorewindturbinesupportstructure大块浮冰碰到其它浮冰或者坚硬的障碍物（例如海上风力发电机组的支撑结构）时，碎冰和浮冰堆积形成的冰丘。3.16icefloe浮冰asheetoficeinsizefrommeterstoseveralkilometers,notrigidlyfrozentoashore,stillorinmotion大小从几米到几千米的片状冰块，与岸边冻得不是很结实，可能静止不动也可能在漂移3.17icing结冰build-upofacoveroficeorfrostonpartsofanoffshorewindturbinethatcanresultinaddedloadsand/orchangedproperties在海上风力发电机组的某些组成部分上形成的冰层或霜冻，这可能引起额外载荷和/或改变特性3.18lowestastronomicaltide最低天文潮loweststillwaterlevelthatcanbeexpectedtooccurunderanycombinationofastronomicalconditionsandunderaveragemeteorologicalconditions.Stormsurges,whicharemeteorologicallygeneratedandessentiallyirregular,aresuperimposedonthetidalvariations,sothatatotalstillwaterlevelbelowlowestastronomicaltidemayoccur.在任何天文条件的组合下或一般气象条件下都可以被预测的最低静水位。风暴潮是气象的产物，它本质上没有规律，并与潮汐变化相互重叠，所以总静水位可能低于最低天文潮。3.19manufacturer制造商partyorpartiesresponsibleforthemanufactureandconstructionofanoffshorewindturbine负责海上风力发电机组的制造和生产的一方或多方3.20marineconditions海洋条件characteristicsofthemarineenvironment(waves,seacurrents,waterlevel,seaice,marinegrowth,seabedmovementandscour,etc.)whichmayaffectthewindturbinebehaviour可能影响风力发电机组性能的海洋环境特性（海浪、洋流、水位、海冰、海生物、海床运动和冲刷等）3.21marinegrowth海生物surfacecoatingonstructuralcomponentscausedbyplants,animalsandbacteria由动植物和细菌引起的结构部件表面上的覆盖物3.22meansealevel平均海平面averageleveloftheseaoveraperiodoftimelongenoughtoremovevariationsduetowaves,tidesandstormsurges在能够消除海浪、潮汐和风暴潮所引起的变化的足够长的一段时间内，海平面的的平均水平3.23meanzerocrossingperiod平均跨零周期averageperiodofthezero-crossing(upordown)wavesinaseastate在某个海况下，海浪跨越零点（向上或向下）的平均周期3.24metocean海洋气象abbreviationofmeteorologicalandoceanographic是单词“气象的”（meteorological）和“海洋学的”（oceanographic）的缩写3.25multi-directional(windand/orwave)多方向（风和/或海浪）adistributionofdirections方向的分布3.26offshorewindturbine海上风力发电机组awindturbinewithasupportstructurewhichissubjecttohydrodynamicloading支撑结构承受水动力载荷的风力发电机组3.27offshorewindturbinesite海上风力发电场场址thelocationorintendedlocationofanindividualoffshorewindturbineeitheraloneorwithinawindfarm单台海上风力发电机组或者是整个海上风电场的位置或者拟定位置3.28pilepenetration桩贯入深度verticaldistancefromtheseafloortothebottomofthepile从海底面到桩底部的垂直距离3.29powercollectionsystem(windturbines)电力汇集系统（风力发电机组）electricsystemthatcollectsthepowerfromoneormorewindturbines.Itincludesallelectricalequipmentconnectedbetweenthewindturbineterminalsandthenetworkconnectionpoint.Foroffshorewindfarms