爱因斯坦：我的世界观(中英文对照)(转载)

爱因斯坦：我的世界观（中英文对照）（转载）TheWorldAsISeeIt-AlbertEinstein-Howstrangeisthelotofusmortals!Eachofusishereforabriefsojourn;forwhatpurposebeknowsnot,thoughhesometimesthinkshesensesit.Butwithoutdeeperreflectiononeknowsfromdailylifethatoneexistsforotherpeople-firstofallforthoseuponwhosesmilesandwell-beingourownhappinessiswhollydependent,andthenforthemany,unknowntous,towhosedestiniesweareboundbythetiesofsympathy.AhundredtimeseverydayIremindmyselfthatmyinnerandouterlifearebasedonthelaborsofothermen,livinganddead,andthatImustexertmyselfinordertogiveinthesamemeasureasIhavereceivedandamstillreceiving.IamstronglydrawntoafrugallifeandamoftenoppressivelyawarethatIamengrossinganundueamountofthelaborofmyfellow-men.Iregardclassdistinctionsasunjustifiedand,inthelastresort,basedonforce.Ialsobelievethatasimpleandunassuminglifeisgoodforeverybody,physicallyandmentally.Idonotatallbelieveinhumanfreedominthephilosophicalsense.Everybodyactsnotonlyunderexternalcompulsionbutalsoinaccordancewithinnernecessity.Schopenhauer‘ssaying,Amancandowhathewants,butnotwantwhathewants,hasbeenaveryrealinspirationtomesincemyyouth;ithasbeenacontinualconsolationinthefaceoflife‘shardships,myownandothers‘,andanunfailingwell-springoftolerance.Thisrealizationmercifullymitigatestheeasilyparalyzingsenseofresponsibilityandpreventsusfromtakingourselvesandotherpeoplealltooseriously;itisconducivetoaviewoflifewhich,inparticular,giveshumoritsdue.Toinquireafterthemeaningorobjectofone‘sownexistenceorthatofallcreatureshasalwaysseemedtomeabsurdfromanobjectivepointofview.Andyeteverybodyhascertainidealswhichdeterminethedirectionofhisendeavorsandhisjudgments.InthissenseIhaveneverlookeduponeaseandhappinessasendsinthemselves-thisethicalbasisIcalltheidealofapigsty.Theidealswhichhavelightedmyway,andtimeaftertimehavegivenmenewcouragetofacelifecheerfully,havebeenKindness,Beauty,andTruth.Withoutthesenseofkinshipwithmenoflikemind,withouttheoccupationwiththeobjectiveworld,theeternallyunattainableinthefieldofartandscientificendeavors,lifewouldhaveseemedtomeempty.Thetriteobjectsofhumanefforts-possessions,outwardsuccess,luxury-havealwaysseemedtomecontemptible.Mypassionatesenseofsocialjusticeandsocialresponsibilityhasalwayscontrastedoddlywithmypronouncedlackofneedfordirectcontactwithotherhumanbeingsandhumancommunities.Iamtrulyalonetravelerandhaveneverbelongedtomycountry,myhome,myfriend,orevenmyimmediatefamily,withmywholeheart;inthefaceofalltheseties,Ihaveneverlostasenseofdistanceandaneedforsolitude-feelingswhichincreasewiththeyears.Onebecomessharplyaware,butwithoutregret,ofthelimitsofmutualunderstandingandconsonancewithotherpeople.Nodoubt,suchapersonlosessomeofhisinnocenceandunconcern;ontheotherhand,heislargelyindependent,oftheopinions,habits,andjudgmentsofhisfellowsandavoidsthetemptationtobuildhisinnerequilibriumuponsuchinsecurefoundations.Mypoliticalidealisdemocracy.Leteverymanberespectedasanindividualandnomanidolized.ItisanironyoffatethatImyselfhavebeentherecipientofexcessiveadmirationandreverencefrommyfellow-being,throughnofault,andnomerit,ofmyown.Thecauseofthismaywellbethedesire,unattainableformany,tounderstandthefewideastowhichIhavewithmyfeeblepowersattainedthroughceaselessstruggle.Iamquiteawarethatitisnecessaryfortheachievementoftheobjectiveofanorganizationthatonemanshoulddothethinkinganddirectingandgenerallybeartheresponsibility.Buttheledmustnotbecoerced,theymustbeabletochoosetheirleader.Anautocraticsystemofcoercion,inmyopinion,soondegenerates.Forforcealwaysattractsmenoflowmorality,andIbelieveittobeaninvariablerulethattyrantsofgeniusaresucceededbyscoundrels,ForthisreasonIhavealwaysbeenpassionatelyopposedtosystemssuchasweseeinItalyandRussiatoday.ThethingthathasbroughtdiscreditupontheformofdemocracyasitexistsinEuropetodayisnottobelaidtothedoorofthedemocraticprincipleassuch,buttothelackofstabilityofgovernmentsandtotheimpersonalcharacteroftheelectoralsystem.IbelievethatinthisrespecttheUnitedStatesofAmericahavefoundtherightway.TheyhaveaPresidentpowersreallytoexercisehisresponsibility.WhatIvalue,ontheotherhand,intheGermanpoliticalsystemisthemoreextensiveprovisionthatitmakesfortheindividualincaseofillnessorneed.Thereallyvaluablethinginthepageantofhumanlifeseemstomenotthepoliticalstate,butthecreative,sentientindividual,thepersonality;italonecreatesthenobleandthesublime,whiletheherdassuchremainsdullinthoughtanddullinfeeling.Thistopicbringsmetothatworstoutcropofherdlife,themilitarysystem,whichIabhor.Thatamancantakepleasureinmarchinginfourstothestrainsofabandisenoughtomakemedespisehim.Hehasonlybeengivenhisbigbrainbymistake;unprotectedspinalmarrowwasallheneeded.Thisplaguespotofcivilizationoughttobeabolishedwithallpossiblespeed.Heroismoncommand,senselessviolence,andalltheloathsomenonsensethatgoesbythenameofpatriotism-howpassionatelyIhatethem!Howvileanddespicableseemswartome!Iwouldratherbehackedinpiecesthantakepartinsuchanabominablebusiness.MyopinionofthehumanraceishighenoughthatIbelievethisbogeywouldhavedisappearedlongago,hadthesoundsenseofthepeoplesnotbeensystematicallycorruptedbycommercialand