自然拼读全ppt-(2)

自然拼读课程Phonics•Phonics—自然发音法是一套用自然记忆的方式，建立字母与发音的直觉音感。不用借助音标，看着字母就可以直接读出该词的发音，解决单词不会读，无法拼的问题。•简单说：“自然拼读法”是教学生如何看词读音或是听音拼词的方法。为什么要学习自然拼读法？美国斯坦佛大学曾经以计算机分析字母与音位的对应关系，结果发现17,008个常用词中——★84%的字母与其读音是完全对应的★13%的字母与其读音是不完全对应的★3%的字母与其读音的对应关系完全无法预测自然拼读法可以帮助学生——＊见词能读＊听词能写＊不容易遗忘＊提高阅读和写作能力一、同形不同音的字母及音标b/b/bookbigbagbox/d/ddeskdolldogdadf/f/finefriendflyfootfanh/h/hathehousehandj/dз/jeepjamjacketjark/k/kitecakeblackthankl/l/legleftrulerflaglamp/l/applebowltelloldm/m/ammapmymouthn/n/noknownewhandp/p/mapjeeppigpeaqu/kw/quitequiltquick同形不同音的字母及音标r/r/redradiobrotherracket/t/titsitnotthattablelittlev/v/fivevaseverysevenw/w/wewindowwatchwantx/ks/boxsixfoxz/z/zipzoo同形不同音的字母及音标VowelUuOoIiEeAaVowel二、开音节与闭音节1）音节按读音可以分为开音节和闭音节开音节又可以分为绝对开音节和相对开音节A.绝对开音节：是指一个元音音素后面没有辅音音素而构成的音节例如：we,hi,yo-yo,hi,no,be等B.相对开音节：是指一个元音音素后面有一个辅音音素(除r)之外，最后是一个不发音的e字母构成的音节，例如:take,make闭音节：指元音字母后面有辅音字母(辅音字母r除外)构成的音节闭音节元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u在重读闭音节中分别读/æ//e//i//ɔ//ʌ/如hand,help,lip,gym,hot,club.II.MagicEAATATEBEBEDBEDEHIHIDHIDENONOTNOTEUUSUSEa-eMagicE(神奇的E)caketakelakemakefacenamepagee-ethesethemeeveeveningo-enosecokeroseropehopeposei-etimefiveninewhitewritelikelimerideu-ecutecubehugetubeuseai,ay读/ei/如wait,aid；day,may.ei,ey读/ei/如veil,weig̣ḥt；grey,they,conveyoa,oe读/əu/如load,coat,toe三、元音间的字母组合发音ue,ui读/u:/如glue,suit,blue,fruitea,ee读/i:/如eat,cheap；deep,needie,(c)ei读/i:/如field,believe；receive,ceilingoa读/ǝu/如road,soap,boatue读/ju:/如Tuesday,value,pursue元音间的字母组合发音四、r音节指以字母r或‘r+辅音字母’结尾的音节在r音节中：ar读/ɑ:/,or读/ɔ:/er,ir,yr,ur都读/ǝ:/注：在/w/音后，ar读/ɔ:/,如war,warm,warn；or读/ǝ:/,如word,work,world,worse.元音字母与r&re音节的示例ar[a:]armchaircardarmcarcartparkgardenfarmer[ə]sisterbrothermarkerroosterundermotherwinterir[ə:]dirtybirdbirthdaycircusgirldirtcircleor[ɔ:]orderforkporkur[ə:]hurtturkeyturtlesurfingnursepursefurdoctoractorfavor[ə]re音节指元音字母与re结合而成的音节。在re音节中：are读/eǝ/，ere读/iǝ/，ire,yre读/aiǝ/，ore读/ɔ:/,ure读/juǝ/元音字母与r&re音节的示例are[eǝ]harescaresquarestareere[iə]heremeresevereire[aiə]firewiretireentireore[ɔ:]moreforecorebeforestoreure[juə]curepureendurewherethere[eǝ]五、元音字母O的组合oo[u]cookbooklookgoodfootbootow[au]nowhowcowou[au]mouthshoutmouseloudhouseproudoi/oy[ɔi]oiltoynoiseboy[u:]schoolnoodlesfoodzoo[əu]windowbowlowpillowblowslow四、辅音字母的读音规则1.c在字母e，i，y前读/s/如cell，city，cyber其余情况下读/k/如cat，club，code2.g在字母e，i，y前读/ʤ/如gene，gin，gym其余情况下读/g/如beg,golf,game3.s多数情况下读/s/如six，desk，yes有时读/z/如is，his，vis'it辅音字母的读音规则4.x处于两元音字母之间，且其后元音重读时，读/gz/如exist，exam其余情况下读/ks/如six,next,excuse5.q读/k/，常和u在一起读/kw/如quick,question五、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音1.a在[w]音后面读/ɔ/wantwhatwatchwashquality2.a在fnskphspssstth前[α:]如afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfather3.i在-nd-ld和gh前读[ai]findchildlighthigh4.o在-st-ld前[əu]mostpostcardoldcold在mnvth前[∧]comemonkeylovemother5.元音字母u在辅音字母jlrs后面时读[u:]音例如：Junebluerulersuper六、辅音字母组合的读音规则1.ch,tch读/ʧ/，如China,much；catch,match2.ph,gh读/f/，如photo,phone3.sh读/ʃ/，如shape,she,short,fish4.th多数情况下读/θ/，如three,third但有时读/ð/,如that,than,with.(读/ð/时可下画一线).5.dg,dj读/ʤ/，如judge，lodging；adjust,adjective.6.wh在字母o前读/h/,如who,whom,whose(其中的字母o读/u:/)其余情况下读/w/，如which，when，why7.n在和字母g构成字母组合时，以及处于读/g/或/k/的字母前（如c,g,k等）读/ŋ/如long,thing,length；an'gry,fin'ger；drink,think,thank,long.8.gu在元音前读/g/，如guess,guide,guest；在字母n后读/gw/，如lan'guagedistin'guish，lin'guist辅音字母组合的读音规则七、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音规则1.a,o,u读/ǝ/，如Chi'na,sec'ond,dif'ficult2.e,i,y读/i/,如result',vic'tim,hap'py八、元音字母组合的读音规则1.au,aw读/ɔ:/,如cause,au'ral,launch,sauce,law,dawn2.eu,ew(iew)读/ju:/,如neu'tral,deuce；new,view,review3.air,aer读/eə/,如air,fair;aer'ial,aer'oplane4.ear,eer读/iə/如ear,clear；beer,deer5.our读/auə/如our,sour,ḥour6.igh读/ai/,如high,light,might,night7.augh,ough读/ɔ:/,如daughter,caught,taught；ought,fought,thought8.oul在could,should,would中读/u/元音字母组合的读音规则九、几个非重读后缀或字母组合的读音规则1.a在后缀-ace，-ade，-age，-ate中读/i/，如pal'ace,com'rade,vil'lage,ac'curate2.e在后缀-el,-en,-ent,-ence,-ency中读/ə/,如cru'el,o’pen,stu'dent,si'lence,flu'ency3.i在后缀-ible中读/ə/,如pos'sible4.ai,ay,ei,ey在非重读音节中一般弱读为/i/,如moun'taịn,Fri'daỵ,for'feit,val'leỵ十、其他字母组合的读音规则1.-ful读/ful/,如help'ful,harm'ful,use'ful2.-gue读/g/,如di'alogue,cat'alogue3.-que读/k/,如cheque,pic'turesque'4.-ous读/əs/,如fa'mous,gen'erous,nerv'ous5.-our读/ə/,如fa'vour,h̩on'our,la'bour6.-ure读/ə/,如fig'ure,in'jure.但在fail'ure中读/jə/7.-ow读/əu/,如win'dow,yel'low,pil'low8.-ture读/ʧə/,如pic'ture,cul'ture,fur'niture9.-ion读/ən/,如fash'ion,cu̇sh'ion10.-stion读/sʧən/,如ques'tion,suges'tion,diges'tion11.-i在字母d,t,n,l后，且在元音字母前，读/j/。如au'dience,fron'tier,opin'ion,famil'ĭar其他字母组合的读音规则十一、其他读音规则oo1.读/u/A.在字母k前（book,look,took）B.在good,foot,stood,wood,wool中C.在派生词good‘ness,foot’ball,wool‘en中2.读/u:/在其余情况下读/u:/,如:cool,food,loose,room,zoo3.读/ʌ/在flood，blood及其派生词（flood'ing,blood'less等）中读/ʌ/1.-sure在元音字母后读/ʒə/,如clo'sure,expo'sure在辅音字母后读/ʃə/，如pres'sure,flex'ure(x=ks)2.-sion在元音字母后读/ʒən/，如vĭ'sion,occa'sion,divĭ'sion在辅音字母后读/ʃən/，如discus'sion,impres'sion,expan'sion3.-ce,-ci,-si,-ti,-xi在字母a,e,o前读/ʃ/如：o‘cean；so’cial；A‘sia；par’tial；Egyp‘tian；suffĭ’cient；pa'tient；prĕ'cious；Rus'sian；an'xious其他读音规则十二、其他组合kn:knitknobkneeknifeknockwr:writewristwrinklewrapwreathmb:bombthumblambnumbcombcrumbsp:spellspiderspinachspaceshipspoonst:storestarstormstampstockingsstickstudents